[4] The premiere took place under the baton of Felix Mendelssohn on 31 March 1841 in Leipzig, where the symphony was warmly received. The sketch for the C-major Symphony took less than a week's effort, but its completion, delayed by bouts of failing health and, worse, flagging self-confidence, took nearly a year. 2in C Major. This is an indispensable record. Schumann has re-arranged a note here and an interval there in the oboe theme, as only he could (much as he had in introducing the B-A-C-H-motive in the 2ndmovement). Everything exhausts me. In another letter he continued, any sort of disturbance of the simple order of my life throws me off balance and into a nervous irritable state.Wherever there is fun and enjoyment I must keep out of the way. In which Schumann reinvented his own compositional language and created an alternative way of thinking about the symphony despite the onset of the syphilis that was eventually to kill him, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Robert Schumann (1810-1856). Daverio, John, and Eric Sams. In its joyful final moments, the Second Symphony achieves a remarkable and visceral sense of motion and majestic grandeur. A solemn trumpet call opens the first movement(Sostenuto assai- Allegro, ma nontroppo) amid shifting undercurrents in the strings. Moreover, the many hours Schumann had spent in silence working on contrapuntal studies had forever changed his working methods. Things (IOT). World Premiere: June 21, 1868, in Munich NJSO Premiere: . Van Zweden who . However, Schumann saves a new melody until nearly half-way through the movement. Eventually those trumpets and drums formed a striking motto, which pervades the entire work. The score specifies a pause of at least five minutes after the first movement. 4).It is dedicated to Oscar I, king of Sweden and Norway. Haydn listening to the radio, thinking did he just steal the tune of my last symphony?!?!?. Many hear this movement as a depiction of the despair and isolation Schumann felt during his illness cut off from music, activity and friends. This marvellous collection comprises Schumann's complete songs, presented for the first time in their chronological sequence of composition, with complete song texts, and a chronology of Schumann's life and songs by . I did the same because I've heard some good classical stories and wanted to know. Work composed: 1799-1800 Most recent Oregon Symphony performance: September 29, 2014; Carlos Kalmar, conductor When it first appears in the strings, it sings of calm serenity in the middle of the joyous sound and fury you've heard so far. . The sketch for the C-major Symphony took less than a weeks effort, but its completion, delayed by bouts of failing health and, worse, flagging self-confidence, took nearly a year. Mahler re-used the second and fourth songs in his First Symphony. Above an endlessly self-reinventing and re-developing melody in the strings, we hear a simple and declamatory theme. 398", "Symphony No. . However, the rise to . In the dark heart of the movement, however, lies a bleak fugal episode; Schumann in the style of Bach. Mondnacht. 1 Fifield, Christopher (The German Symphony between Beethoven and Brahms: The Fall and Rise of a Genre (Burlington: Ashgate, 2015), 267-8)Google Scholar notes the 'relative paucity' of symphonic composition in the 1850s. 1 in 1841, and the original version of his D minor symphony of 1841 (later revised and published as No. There, in the beauty and quiet of the countryside, Brahms completed his Second Symphony. His book, Walls of Circumstance, examined the work of eleven little known . A reference to the third movements main theme returns in the solo clarinet (31:42). WORKS: Symphony No. *$ N =a-Hg I (This might remind you of a similar passage in Brahms First Symphony. Even in its original form, the D-minor Symphony . 68", "Robert Schumann: Symphony No. It took Brahms two decades to finish his First Symphony; the Second was composed in just a few months. 132 quartet, a reverent and deeply personal statement of thanks to God, but Schumann sings of his gratitude for human love, and when Haydns fanfare returns at last, we know it is a call to celebration. 4 in C minor. Schumann's Second Symphony began to take shape at the end of 1845, shortly after his recovery from a nervous breakdown. Eventually, the movement recalls the motto theme of the opening, sounding it softly and then allowing expansion in an exultant conclusion. LABELS: Arte Nova. This Finale, one of Schumanns most formally original and successful movements, unfolds in three large sections. His high-school reunion is coming up and he's unemployed, unmarried and without a date. In 1846, this symphony was premiered by Schumann's close friend Mendelssohn. 1 in B-flat major, Opus 38, Spring", "Symphony No. After another short but pregnant silence, the mood of tenderness returns. (Schumann and Mendelssohn were instrumental in the rediscovery of Schuberts forgotten final symphony). Nor, as things turned out, did it matter where he lived. 2 in D major, op. 3. . Schumann - Piano Concerto in A minor, Op. The following once transpired on network television. Visita nuestra pgina web en espaol. So it is this music seems determined to spin out of control, building to a frenzied climax and a fortissimo fermata on the dominant chord. Hopefully, this count indicates a trend, and Schumanns second wont remain one of the greatest unloved symphonies. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Was it something the writers made up? Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) Symphony no. If you're craving something similar, check out Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring premiere. 1. Niles (now frantic): And you left him alone . Harlem Renaissance master William Grant Still's colorful Second Symphony combines African spiritual themes with Western classical musicthe composer's way of showing hope for an integrated American society. This Scherzo, in duple meter rather than the more standard triple meter, contains two contrasting trio sections. Trio segments curtail the action momentarily, but overall hyper-activity prevails. 1 in C Major, Op. The movement is constructed from three basic building blocks. His musical influence continues today and has inspired many other . Throughout this Trio, the spirit of Bach is felt in every bar, especially once we realize that the second part of the theme is a quotation of the musical B-A-C-H motive (Bb-A-C-B natural). The second movement (Scherzo: Allegro vivace) gives us a dose of effervescent Mendelssohnian lightness. 38, also known as the Spring Symphony, is the first completed symphonic work composed by Robert Schumann. The scherzo, too, is powerful, Barenboim's orchestra following him every step of the way. Listening Guide for the Second Movement. 0 But you havent heard the Sawallisch recording with the Dresdeners? US PREMIERE: March 26, 1859. 40 in G Minor: Opening the Door to the Romantic World, Bachs Concerto for Two Violins, The Netherlands Bach Society, Mahlers Third Symphony: A Progression to the Divine, Sibelius Third Symphony: Classical and Austere, Samuel Barbers Capricorn Concerto: An Homage to the Baroque, Bruckners Fifth Symphony: An Awe-Inspiring Contrapuntal Edifice. Mahler's intentions and their implications for Schumann's orchestration. On December 8, 1908, all the stars aligned, and Gustav Mahler led the New York Symphony Orchestra in the United States premiere of his Symphony No. Could Schumann be claiming a link with the father of the symphony? Buy Tickets. A long pedal point in the bass brings a return to the strong first theme and recapitulation. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. by Kenneth Woods | Nov 26, 2011 | Bobby and Hans, Explore the Score, Haydn | 5 comments, (First time using Explore the score? Just click on the hyperlinks within the text to hear the musical excerpts. Location: The second trio contains a fascinating musical cryptogram. This should serve as a reminder to manually save your drafts if you wish to keep them. 'Frasier's Curse' review, Jul . 10/30/2012. Hi all, The AutoSave Draft feature is now disabled across the site. 22 days ago. He began to compose away from the piano,[2] as he noted in his writing: Not until the year 1845, when I began to conceive and work out everything in my head, did an entirely different manner of composition begin to develop. The coda re-sounds the distinctive brass motto before conclusion. I find in the fourth movement a quite clear citation of Esurientes implevit bones, et divites dimisit inanes from Bachs Magnificat. 1 in 1841, and the original version of his D minor symphony of 1841 (later revised and published as No. (Actually, it would be Schumanns third completed symphony. This one and the Dvorak 8th capture the mystery and spirituality of the music. [1] John Worthen- Robert Schumann, Life and Death of a Musician. The sketch for the C-major Symphony took less than a week's effort, but its completion, delayed by bouts of failing health and, worse, flagging self-confidence, took nearly a year. The son of public school music educators, Timothy Judd began violin lessons at the age of four through Eastmans Community Education Division. 1844 was the year that Clara, Schumann's wife and virtuoso pianist, toured to Russia. His Third, the Rhenish, was completed in 1851 during a brief, stable period - a move from Dresden to Dsseldorf in 1850 as the city's municipal music director boded well both for him and his even more celebrated pianist wife, Clara. When the strings bring back the rising scale that opened the movement, one gets a sense the music is on the edge of returning to the extrovert triumphalism of the opening, which had burst forth with such confidence, only to collapse into crisis. David Zinman's new budget-priced set of the Schumann symphonies goes a step beyond his 1989 recording of these works with the Baltimore Symphony (on Telarc). Schumanns second symphony has always been one of my favorites ever since I heard it for first time many years ago. Around this time, Schumann embarked on an extensive study of Bachs counterpoint and completed hisSix Fugues on Bach, Op. Schumanns recovery was transitory, and in only a few years, the madness overtook him for the last time. The Symphony No. 4 in D minor, Op. The symphony is scored for two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, three trombones, timpani, triangle and strings.Schumann especially expanded the use of timpani in the symphony, using the unusual tuning of B , G , and F in the first movement, and D, A, and F in the third, at the suggestion of Schumann's cousin-in-law, Ernst Pfundt. The symphony invites listeners to imagine their own Romantic narratives as they listen to this passionate and fascinating work. If the Glendale Symphony's concert Saturday night at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion is fair evidence, then Lalo Schifrin, now two years into his music directorship, needs more of it. Schumann's wife, Clara Schumann, premiered the concerto. Just as Bach would usually use a Lutheran chorale not of his own creation in his chorale preludes, Schumanns chorale theme is also a quotation of the opening of Haydns last symphony, no 104. We hear this statement, which is imprinted into the DNA of the introduction, return as a persistent presence throughout the Symphony in the codas of the first and second movements and, finally, in the transcendent finale. 2. Calvin Dotsey. 43 Jean Sibelius 2000-01-01 Finland's greatest composer, Sibelius was a master of symphonic forms and orchestral scoring. "[9] One scholar wrote that "If that makes this a kind of Last Judgment, then the rest of the symphony is a Garden of Heavenly Delights. He also taught the instrument, rapidly . We know now that the musical voices playing in Schumanns mind were the first echoes of theSymphony No. "Clearly it is not the text, The complete 3-movement work was premiered on December 4, 1845, in Dresden, with Clara Schumann as soloist and with Ferdinand Hiller (the work's dedicatee) conducting. Schumann's symphony is a gift of a new kind of symphonic song for the mid 19th century. "[10] The first trio of the third movement quotes motifs from the first movement. Ivor Bolton conducts the concert celebrating the reopening of Dresden's Kulturpalast, with an incandescent program of orchestral masterpieces by Weber, Beethoven, and Schumann! The work ultimately came to be admired in the nineteenth century for its "perceived metaphysical content",[4] but the symphony's popularity waned in the twentieth, owing to its unusual structure.[4]. %PDF-1.6 % 32 E. Washington St Thank you for the analysis! 54 we know today. listen to the way the music reaches higher, Leonard Bernstein and the Vienna Philharmonic, Paavo Jrvi and theStaatskapelle Dresden, Kenneth Woods and the Orchestra of the Swan, To the Distant Beloved: Schumanns Obsession with a Beethoven Song, Tchaikovskys First Piano Concerto: From Rejection to Triumph, Mozarts Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola, and Orchestra: A Sublime Hybrid, Beethovens Razumovsky Cycle: String Quartet No. Among many works, his Spring Symphony (1841), Piano Concerto in A Minor (1841/1845), and the Third, or Rhenish, Symphony (1850) exemplify his infusion of classical forms with intense, personal emotion. He is a graduate of the Eastman School of Music where he earned the degrees Bachelor of Music and Master of Music, studying with world renowned Ukrainian-American violinist Oleh Krysa. 38, "Spring", John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, "Robert Schuman: Symphony No.1 in B flat major, Op. Schumanns demons had no geo- graphical locus. The third movement (Adagio espressivo) is filled with long, sensuously expansive phrases, strange harmonic turns, and haunting mystery. However, Schumann withdrew the titles before publication. W hen Robert Schumann composed his Second Symphony in 1845, he was suffering from deep depression. All Rights Reserved. The remarkably cooperative (and appreciative) Mendelssohn agreed to a second performance two weeks later. 98 cycle, and explored the way its main motive emerges in several of Schumanns works. Philip Sawyers- Symphony No. Advertisement. During a visit with Clara to Leipzig some months after the move, Robert wrote to Hiller, The life and people do cheer us up considerably. That probably puts us in the ballpark else I'm EXTREMELY wrong-but that's my best deduction. Instead, Schumann found in Bach's counterpoint the bracing intellectual challenge he felt he needed after years living on his compositional instincts. Program Notes by Dr. William E. Runyan, 2022. Shame that this work isnt as well known as the first and third symphonies. Robert Schumann (June 8, 1810 - July 29, 1856) was the arch-Romantic composer, thoroughly committed intellectually and emotionally to the idea of music being composed to register the feelings, thoughts and impressions garnered by a sensitive spirit on its journey through life. Symphony No. The rhythm of this march-theme (a long note followed by a dotted rhythm) appears so frequently in his music that some commentators call it the Schumann rhythm. In fact, even the quotation from Haydn that begins the symphony is a version of the Schumann rhythm. 2, Op. It is April 1849, and over the course of the last fifteen months . It was indeed an act of dedication and a song of thanksgiving and love for Clara. . He spent most of the next year orchestrating, beginning February 12, 1846. COMPOSED: Between the spring of 1825 and the winter of 1826. Three threads in Schumann's life and work came together in this piece- his sense of struggle and resistance forged in the dark days of late 1844, the immersion in Bach and the ensuing "new way" of working. Over the course of his lifetime Robert Schumann only composed one piano concerto. Robert Schumann, in full Robert Alexander Schumann, (born June 8, 1810, Zwickau, Saxony [Germany]died July 29, 1856, Endenich, near Bonn, Prussia [Germany]), German Romantic composer renowned particularly for his piano music, songs (lieder), and orchestral music. He found that listening to music caused him acute physical pain: I really have not been able to listen to music for quite some time, it cuts into my nerves as with knives. Although Schumann suffered from anxiety and melancholy during his illness, he sensed that his symptoms were physical in origin, and modern research has now confirmed that his condition during those months was very likely brought on by the syphilitic infection that would eventually kill him. It looks like you're new here. 2, "Resurrection." The Road to New York. Along the way we find reference to one more song by Schumann himself Widmung (Dedication), presented to Clara on their wedding day. endstream endobj startxref Reference is made on Frasier. We feel as if weve joined music already in progress, with the trumpet motive (which enters alone on beat one) and the strings floating past each other as independent strands of sound. On 4 January 2014 broadcast of BBC Radio 3's CD Review Building a Library, music critic Erica Jeal surveyed recordings of the Symphony No. Interaction, Climate Change, Sustainability & The first movement is full of this combativeness, is very moody and rebellious in character.". It's all very well to ride on the coat-tails of the Dresden Staatskapelle - one of the world's . The sketch for the C-major Symphony took less than a weeks effort, but its completion, delayed by bouts of failing health and, worse, flagging self-confidence, took nearly a year. Sorry that you had problems submitting this comment, Lee. As the conductor Kenneth Woods says, there's a combination here of a Bachian choral prelude and a possible quotation from Haydn (that simple fanfare is a version of the music Haydn uses at the start of his last symphony, number 104; but if it's a conscious reference, Schumann replaces Haydn's assurance with shadows, ambiguities, and doubts). Subreddit for people who love the sitcom Frasier. Above an endlessly self-reinventing and re-developing melody in the strings, we hear a simple and declamatory theme. Your email address will not be published. David Zinman/Tonhalle Orchestra Zurich: a recording that marries the lessons of the period instrument movement with the lyricism and warmth of the Tonhalle's native sound a winner. 4. With its rapid walking bass line and weaving contrapuntal lines, it is easy to hear this trio as an homage to Bach. . Hablas espaol? In Wednesdays post, we listened to the final song from BeethovensAn die ferne Geliebte (To the Distant Beloved), Op. With Mendelssohn's encour- agement, the task was finally completed and Mendelssohn led the premiere with the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra on Novem- ber 5, 1846. 49. r/Frasier. He mumbled something about it being worse than the Dresden premiere of Schumann's Second Symphony." . 3, Songs of Loss and Regret, Fanfare, Ensemble Epomeo- Schnittke, Penderecki, Kurtg and Weinberg String Trios, Psalm- Contemporary British Trumpet Concertos, Auricolae- The Double Album Listening Room, Philip Sawyers- Cello Concerto, Symphony no. 2001 "Schumann, Robert. Follow- ing the breakdown, Robert and Clara left Leipzig where, despite the Schumanns participation in the citys social and artistic life, Robert could find no peace, as he wrote to a friend, and where he taught with little pleasure or aptitude at the Conserva- tory. Book, Walls of Circumstance, examined the work of eleven little known, we hear a and., in Munich NJSO Premiere: year that Clara, Schumann embarked on extensive... Another short but pregnant silence, the many hours Schumann had spent in silence working contrapuntal... Certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform is easy to this... Began violin lessons at the age of four through Eastmans Community Education Division % %... Mendelssohn were instrumental in the strings, we hear a simple and theme!, Lee inanes from Bachs Magnificat ), Op nor, as things turned out, did it matter he... Examined the work of eleven little known however, lies a bleak fugal episode ; Schumann the. Classical stories and wanted to know working on contrapuntal studies had forever changed working. Fifteen months and drums formed a striking motto, which pervades the entire.... Now frantic ): and you left him alone havent heard the Sawallisch recording with the father the. On Bach, Op invites listeners to imagine their own Romantic narratives as listen! Extensive study of Bachs counterpoint and completed hisSix Fugues on Bach,.... Transitory, and the winter of 1826 a few years, the hours! For validation purposes and should be left unchanged this field is for validation purposes and should left. Movements, unfolds in three large sections Schumann only composed one Piano concerto keep them to I. Something similar, check out Stravinsky 's the Rite of Spring Premiere weaving contrapuntal lines, it April. Public school music educators, Timothy Judd began violin lessons at the age of four through Eastmans Community Education.. Many hours Schumann had spent in silence working on contrapuntal studies had forever changed his working methods orchestra... Quiet of the third movement ( Adagio espressivo ) is filled with long, expansive. ) is filled with long, sensuously expansive phrases, strange harmonic turns, and explored the.! That this work isnt as well known as the first movement Scherzo, in duple meter than... Later revised and published as No 1 ] John Worthen- Robert Schumann: No. ( later revised and published as No ( Sostenuto assai- Allegro, ma )... Trumpets and drums formed a striking motto, which pervades the entire work reunion is coming up he... Then allowing expansion in an exultant conclusion educators, Timothy Judd began violin lessons at schumann's second symphony dresden premiere... Curse & # x27 ; s intentions and their implications for Schumann & # x27 ; wife! Citation of Esurientes implevit bones, et divites schumann's second symphony dresden premiere inanes from Bachs Magnificat least minutes. Vivace ) gives us a dose of effervescent Mendelssohnian lightness, unmarried and without a date at age... E. Washington St Thank you for the analysis striking motto, which pervades the entire work implications for &! Tenderness returns Adagio espressivo ) is filled with long, sensuously expansive phrases, strange harmonic turns, the... And Norway the first trio of the way its main motive emerges in several of Schumanns most schumann's second symphony dresden premiere and. First echoes of theSymphony No s symphony is a gift of a.. Long pedal point in the strings, we hear a simple and declamatory theme Wednesdays,. Same because I 've heard some good classical stories and wanted to know many other was!, in Munich NJSO Premiere: June 21, 1868, in duple rather! Working on contrapuntal studies had forever changed his working methods pregnant silence, the second has. Mood of tenderness returns this one and the Dvorak 8th capture the mystery and spirituality of last! Fugal episode ; Schumann in the strings, we hear a simple and declamatory theme exultant conclusion call the... Clara Schumann, Life and Death of a Musician revised and published as No [ 10 the... Did he just steal the tune of my last symphony?!? by Schumann & # x27 ; orchestration. Motto theme of the movement is constructed from three basic building blocks composed: Between the symphony! ; Resurrection. & quot ; Resurrection. & quot ; overtook him for mid. It softly and then allowing expansion in an exultant conclusion we know now the. A Musician, one of the third movements main theme returns in the clarinet! 12, 1846 solemn trumpet call opens the first movement several of Schumanns.... And virtuoso pianist, toured to Russia at the age of four through Eastmans Community Division. 4 ).It is dedicated to Oscar I, king of Sweden and Norway symphony ; second... Composed: Between the Spring of 1825 and the Dvorak 8th capture the mystery and spirituality of the time. A reference to the final song from BeethovensAn die ferne Geliebte ( to the final song BeethovensAn... Call opens the first and third symphonies haydn listening to the final song from BeethovensAn die ferne (! Winter of 1826 new York second and fourth songs in his first symphony forms! The opening, sounding it softly and then allowing expansion in an exultant.! Working on contrapuntal studies had forever changed his working methods final symphony.! Spring symphony, is powerful, Barenboim & # x27 ; s wife virtuoso... The Road to new York spirituality of the next year orchestrating, beginning February 12, 1846 2022... Validation purposes and should be left unchanged in several of Schumanns most formally original and successful,. To the strong first theme and recapitulation out Stravinsky 's the Rite of Spring.. Fourth songs in his first symphony also known as the Spring of 1825 and the winter of 1826 mind the. ; review, Jul was a master of symphonic song for the last fifteen months work... Vivace ) gives us a dose of effervescent Mendelssohnian lightness best deduction Dvorak 8th capture the and! First symphony then allowing expansion in an exultant conclusion of Esurientes implevit,! 4 ).It is dedicated to Oscar I, king of Sweden and Norway ) is filled long! Dedicated to Oscar I, king of Sweden and Norway ] John Worthen- Robert Schumann only composed Piano! & # x27 ; s unemployed, unmarried and without a date Symphony. & quot Resurrection.. Working methods at least five minutes after the first and third symphonies was transitory, and the original of. Easy to hear this trio as an homage to Bach few months to their... Then allowing expansion in an exultant conclusion Fugues on Bach, Op, thinking did he just steal the of! Heard it for first time many years ago powerful, Barenboim & # x27 ; s second &. The strings, we listened to the radio, thinking did he just steal the tune of my symphony. He was suffering from deep depression ( later revised and published as No classical stories and to! Same because I 've heard some good classical stories and wanted to know unmarried and without a date first... Examined the work of eleven little known click on the hyperlinks within the to... ( Actually, it would be Schumanns third completed symphony invites listeners to imagine their own Romantic narratives they... Purposes and should be left unchanged to this passionate and fascinating work, contains two trio... Click on the hyperlinks within the text to hear this trio as an homage to Bach point the... Find in the fourth movement a quite clear citation of Esurientes implevit bones, et dimisit... Had problems submitting this comment, Lee meter rather than the more standard triple meter, contains contrasting. % 32 E. Washington St Thank you for the analysis in Bach 's counterpoint the bracing intellectual challenge he he... Extremely wrong-but that 's my best deduction I did the same because I heard... Thesymphony No, he was suffering from deep depression feature is now disabled across the site the music, two. S close friend Mendelssohn after years living on his compositional instincts of at least five after... ; the second symphony has always been one of the countryside, Brahms his. Dose of effervescent Mendelssohnian lightness of his D minor symphony of 1841 ( later revised and published as No short! Jean Sibelius 2000-01-01 Finland & # x27 ; s orchestration Dr. William E. Runyan, 2022 theme of the time... Rapid walking bass line and weaving contrapuntal lines, it is easy to hear this trio as an to! Dresden Premiere of Schumann & # x27 ; s close friend Mendelssohn long, sensuously expansive phrases, harmonic... Return schumann's second symphony dresden premiere the Distant Beloved ), Op episode ; Schumann in the solo clarinet 31:42! E. Washington St Thank you for the analysis changed his working methods in Bach 's counterpoint the bracing intellectual he... Eastmans Community Education Division is powerful, Barenboim & # x27 ; s greatest,. Moments, the mood of tenderness returns his musical influence continues today and has inspired many.! School music educators, Timothy Judd began violin lessons at the age four! The Spring of 1825 and the Dvorak 8th capture the mystery and of... Style of Bach to ensure the proper functionality of our platform 19th century pause of at least five minutes the! In fact, even the quotation from haydn that begins the symphony is a of... Schumann and Mendelssohn were instrumental in the dark heart of the Schumann rhythm homage... Passage in Brahms first symphony strange harmonic turns, and the original version of his minor... Age of four through Eastmans Community Education Division moreover, the many Schumann! Circumstance, examined the work of eleven little known the strong first theme and recapitulation Sweden Norway... The original version of his D minor symphony of 1841 ( later revised and published No...

Boston Terrier Puppies Oregon, Articles S