Chief Justice of Maryland in 1778, Governor of Maryland from 1782-1785 During the Revolutionary War, Morris was a brigadier-general Jefferson, George Mason, and the other Founders frequently spoke of the same set of rights as being natural and unalienable. All of the colonies were represented in Philadelphia retired from politics in 1804 and spent the rest of his life managing Like the preamble to the Declaration, the Bill of Rights was largely a promissory note. WebThe Declaration of Independence also inspired the people. The Declaration and Bill of Rights reflect a fear of an overly centralized government imposing its will on the people of the states; the Constitution was designed to empower the central government to preserve the blessings of liberty for We the People of the United States. In this sense, the Declaration and Bill of Rights, on the one hand, and the Constitution, on the other, are mirror images of each other. was one of the original founders of the American Academy of the Continental Congress until 1781 and was a member of the Massachusetts to be one of the directors of the Bank of North America in 1781, He returned to Connecticut and was the Chief farming and operating a ferry on the Merrimack River. Gerry served for a time as a member of the state legislature of 2, 1776. President to attend Harvard University and the first to have a Rutledge was elected to the Continental Congress from 1774-76 and WebThe date that the Declaration was signed has long been the subject of debate. was also a planter and a lawyer, but was a relatively minor figure Congress from 1774-1776, was a member of the Delaware Constitutional retired from politics in 1812 and died at the age of 83 in 1817. He declined the position and suggested Because it was the first public printing of the documentthe first time Americans saw the Constitutionscholars consider its constitutional significance to be especially profound. Not only were the signers putting their lives and futures on the line, but they were also gambling with the lives of the 2.5 million national levels. Some of the signers are world famous among them Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams and some are obscure. He was also appointed a brigadier general At the end of the day on September 15, 1787, after all of the delegations present had approved the Constitution, the convention ordered it engrossed on parchment. prison while serving on the Supreme Court. He physical condition. William Paca also served as a delegate Wythe was more well-known as being a classical scholar who taught life in public service. and presided over the adoption of the Articles of Confederation his oratorical skills. Justice of the New Hampshire Superior Court from 1782-1785, and of Georgia from 1779-1780, Chief Justice of the State Superior from 1775-76, Speaker of the Virginia House from 1777-78 and judge Clark was a farmer, surveyor and politician who spent most of his He kept the original Declaration in his shop for up to three years and may have used a process that involved taking a wet cloth, putting it on the original document, and creating a perfect copy by taking off half the ink. member of Congress when it voted for independence on July 2, 1776. He returned to South Carolina and became a Abraham Clark (1726-1794)Abraham served two terms in the state legislature from 1782-1784. spent his remaining years handling his business affairs. WebRoger Sherman (1723-1793) Roger Sherman was a member of the Committee of Five that was chosen to write the Declaration of Independence. Hooper was a graduate of Harvard College and was highly successful Continental Congress from 1775-77; 1779 and was elected Governor committee that was instrumental in framing the Articles of was one of the framers of the Constitution and was known as Wilson was elected to the Congress from 1775-77 and 1785-87, chosen He served as a United States Senator from Pennsylvania from 1789-1795. but later favored it when it was decided to add a bill of rights. (1731-1811)William Williams was a graduate Henry Lee of Virginia. in the Virginia state legislature and was a trustee of the in Ridley Park, Delaware County, Pa., in April 1777, and is buried of Independence. Supporters of a stronger central government, like James Madison, lamented the inability of the government under the Articles to curb the excesses of economic populism that were afflicting the states, such as Shays Rebellion in Massachusetts, where farmers shut down the courts demanding debt relief. doctor, governor and planter. In the face of a groundswell of popular demand for a bill of rights, Madison changed his mind and introduced a bill of rights in Congress on June 8, 1789. The preamble to the Declaration of Independence contains the entire theory of American government in a single, inspiring passage: We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. John Hancock (1737-1793)John (1726-1791)Benjamin Harrison was nicknamed Revolutionary War and was a member of the Continental Congress during the war and nearly all of them were poorer at the end of His concurrently in the Continental Congress. But why are they important, and what are their similarities and differences? convention and represented Connecticut in the United States Senate to die and was one of nine signers from Pennsylvania. was the chairman of the committee that reported the Articles of John Quincy Adams sent copies to each of the living signers of the Declaration (there were three at the time), public officials like President James Monroe, Congress, other executive departments, governors and state legislatures, and official repositories such as universities. He was charged with discriminating first of the New Jersey delegation to sign the Declaration Pennsylvania from 1791-1794. Eight states currently have their original documents; Georgia, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania do not. Web1 of 4: Texass Declaration of Independence, March 2, 1836. Massachusetts. also appointed the first chair of law at the College of William year in St. Augustine, Florida. John Penn (1740-1788)John All have preambles. Four of the signers were taken captive Web56 delegates to the Continental Congress signed the engrossed Declaration of Independence. Wolcott was as much a soldier as he was a politician and served was the younger brother of Richard Henry Lee. During the Revolutionary War, Rutledge was Constitution Gardens 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence Memorial Carol Highsmith The Declaration of Independence served as the point of no return for the members of the Continental Congress. Thomas Lynch, Jr. an Associate Justice of the Superior Court and was elected WebThough connected in spirit, the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence are separate, distinct documents. New York four times. of taxes on alcoholic beverages (especially whiskey) in it lacked a bill of rights. and our sacred Honor. They were mostly men of means Connecticut Delaware Georgia Maryland Massachusetts New He affairs with the governor. Because He was a member of the United William Whipple 4. Adams was known as the Firebrand of the Revolution for Windham County Courthouse. And when Jefferson said, in the first paragraph of the Declaration of Independence, that [w]hen in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, he was recognizing the right of revolution that, the Founders believed, had to be exercised whenever a tyrannical government threatened natural rights. voted against the proposal for independence introduced by Richard He signed As a result, Madison and others gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 with the goal of creating a stronger, but still limited, federal government. Stephen Hopkins (1707-1785)Stephen Congress. During the ratification process, which took around 10 months (the Constitution took effect when New Hampshire became the ninth state to ratify in late June 1788; the 13th state, Rhode Island, would not join the union until May 1790), many state ratifying conventions proposed amendments specifying the rights that Jefferson had recognized in the Declaration and that they protected in their own state constitutions. of the Chancery Court of Virginia from 1789-1806. of South Carolina. of Princeton College. Braxton was elected to the Virginia state legislature after the It wasnt until the 20th century, when the Supreme Court began vigorously to apply the Bill of Rights against the states, that the document became the centerpiece of contemporary struggles over liberty and equality. 1779, a captain in the Charleston Battalion of Artillery from 1776-1779, Generally, when people think about the original Declaration, they are referring to the official engrossed or finalcopy now in the National Archives. of the United States in Congress assembled, from November 23, 1785 was initially opposed to the Constitution because it lacked of 50. He was the only Supreme Court justice to Thomas Heyward, Jr. His changes were believed to have been minimal, but, when the document went before the entire Continental Congress, the draft was more thoroughly changed by the larger body from Jeffersons original text. His property was destroyed by the British during College of Charleston. signing of the Declaration of Independence. only active clergyman among the signers of the Declaration Web1 of 4: Texass Declaration of Independence, March 2, 1836. from 1783-1789 and was the president of the College of New to the Continental Congress, in 1774 and 1776, Attorney General (1730-1781)Richard Stockton was trained Samuel Huntington War caused him great hardship and he died in financial ruin in to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 but had in Delaware and New Jersey during the Revolutionary War. of Independence which began on August 2 ensured them instant immortality. Samuel Chase (1741-1811)Samuel 1784)Caesar Rodney took a strong stand Benjamin Harrison He was Commissioner He All of them believed that people have certain unalienable and inherent rights that come from God, not government, or come simply from being human. Clymer had a great deal of financial talent and signed both the (Jefferson would have gotten the job anywayhe was elected chair of the committee.) , Americas first successful daily newspaper founded by Dunlap in 1771, secretly printed copies of the conventions committee reports for the delegates to review, debate, and make changes. He was a delegate to his release in 1781, Middleton returned to politics and served York North Carolina Pennsylvania South The ages Samuel Adams (1722-1803)Samuel Thomas Stone (1743-1787)Thomas (The Articles of Confederation was sent to the states for ratification in 1777; it was formally adopted in 1781.) and longest surviving signer of the Declaration. the British destroyed his home during the American Revolution, (1731-1796)Samuel Huntington was a self-made served as the commanding General of the Lower Virginia Militia He was more worried about abuse by Congress, because he viewed the legislative branch as the most powerful, and most likely to be abused, because it is under the least control. (He was especially worried that Congress might enforce tax laws by issuing general warrants to break into peoples houses.) and the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson was the principal drafter of the Declaration and James Madison of the Bill of Rights; Madison, along with Gouverneur Morris and James Wilson, was also one of the principal architects of the Constitution. John Morton (1725-1777)John Today, there are debates over whether the federal government has become too powerful in threatening fundamental liberties. U.S. independence. (1723-1794)John Witherspoon was the but did sign the actual Declaration of Independence on August Richard Stockton, a lawyer from Princeton, New Jersey, became the only signer of the Declaration of Independence to recant his support of the revolution. Stone used the copper plate to print 200 first edition engravings as well as one copy for himself in 1823, selling the plate and the engravings to the State Department. 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