SPD party leader Otto Wels is holding a speech. 0000005891 00000 n n.d. A Flat Tired People: The Health of Californias Okies During the 1930s, 16. The One Park Near Northern California Thats Unlike Any Other In America, These 10 Charming Farms In Northern California Will Make You Love The Country, The Beautiful Lavender Farm Hiding In Plain Sight In Northern California That You Need To Visit, Theres A Restaurant On This Remote Northern California Farm Youll Want To Visit, 10 Rare Photos From Northern California That Will Take You Straight To The Past, 14 Very Rare Photos Taken During WWII In Northern California, These 12 Houses In Northern California From The 1930s Will Open Your Eyes To A Different Time, These 10 Towns In Northern California Have The Strangest Names Youll Ever See. And it was encroached upon by settlers under homestead laws designed for farmers, not for stockmen. [3] That same year violent winds occurred all over the plains and intensified in 1935 resulting in a series of catastrophic dust storms that were felt as far as New York. Other regulations included a prohibition on liquor and drugs as well as a rule to act peacefully.[2]. [4], The camp is significant in the history of California for the migration of people escaping the Dust Bowl. More than one hundred miles from a railroad in a high valley near Bryce Canyon, Utah, lies the town of Widtsoe. 0000057254 00000 n Therefore, be it resolved that Weed Patch Grange repudiate any self-appointed labor committee who only represent speculative interest in labor and soil. Many once-proud farmers packed up their families and moved to California hoping to find work as day laborers on huge farms. As regional labor adviser visiting projects of the Resettlement Administration in the Far West I have seen whole populations which should never have settled where they are, fallen on relief; lands which should have been left in grass, ravaged by dust storms; farmers cruelly dislocated from their farms joining the migrants of the west coast, squatting with them by the roadside, on garbage dumps, and on river bottoms; stricken people banding themselves together, seeking in simple cooperation to find a way out. 14 AKA 5 Marlboro Ln is served by 0 transit routes. But their lands could afford only the barest living in the most favorable years, and hardly any at all in others. In the early 1930s, these workers organized and formed unions. Arvin Farm Labor Camp | SJSU Digital Collections. Digital Collection. Some estimates put this number at three million displaced workers during a seven-year time span. The Okies did not join unions. I wish she hadnt taken my picture. Madera County Library attempted to find rights owners without success but is eager to hear from them so that we may obtain permission, if needed. There are three buildings remaining from the camp that make up this National Register of Historic Places property: the community hall, the post office, and the library. At first we wished we could have built our own house, but now that weve lived here we know it was planned better than we could have done it, said another resident. Wonder years! They built houses, grazed a few cattle, and planted small fields. Even though the Great Depression hit California hard in the early 1930s, agriculture was one of the areas that expanded in the state. You'll receive your first newsletter soon! Winds carried the top soil away, resulting in huge dust storms. Two California governors and their administrations grappled with the influx of the hundreds of thousands who flooded the state throughout the 1930s. Polluted water and a lack of trash and waste facilities led to outbreaks of typhoid, malaria, smallpox and tuberculosis. And to many people depression has brought collapse so complete and so protracted that they cannot rise by themselves to survive. [2] Even when no events were happening the people who lived at the Arvin Federal Government Camp would come together to listen to music or play cards. [5] Having a home in a labor camp while a step up from the "Migratory Jungles"[5] still came with its own set of problems. But behind the myth of the games creation is an untold tale of theft, obsession and corporate double-dealing. No use to come farther, he cried. The Los Angeles police chief went so far as to send 125 policemen to act as bouncers at the state border, turning away undesirables. But more must be done to meet needs which the migrants themselves express: The trouble with us travellin folk is we cant get no place to stay still. Making a living? Driven by the Great Depression, drought, and dust storms, thousands of farmers packed up their families and made the difficult journey to California where they hoped to find work. 0000055798 00000 n 'Californias relief rolls are overcrowded now. 1932hit the road.. Today crews of men from Tropic and nearby towns are working in shifts under Resettlement, striving to rebuild and elevate the earthen dam in time to impound waters for next years crops. Other communities faded away after the precious metal was mined out or the economy changed. Eight more are being erected. She did profit from the attention it received, which gave a big boost to Langes career. Most fans of Eudora Welty recognize her as an author, but fewer realize that she was also an accomplished photographer. MLS# 222012521. Noting the importance these labor camps had on American history, the Sunset Camp was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. The Sunset Camp still assists and houses farm workers under the auspices of the Kern County Housing Authority. Ft. MLS# H6228305. These Records may also relate to: George E Welty. They were paid by the quantity of fruit and cotton picked with earnings ranging from seventy-five cents to $1.25 a day. The majority of the newcomers found shelter where they could. There were no people to resettle, for they had long since departed. With this complex story, Welty reveals Phoenix Jackson's . It is necessary to raise farm prices so the farmer can afford to pay decent wages.. Source: New Deal Network, http://newdeal.feri.org/texts/711.htm. [3] Okies with no habitable areas to call home were forced to migrate. In the better units it has contributed to full time members perhaps $15 to $25 per month. Now a number of the California cooperatives are applying for agricultural loans in order to achieve complete rehabilitation. The people aided by the Resettlement Administration in largest numbers are, of course, rural rehabilitation clients rather than participants in projects. During the 1930's around 400,000 people without jobs migrated from their homes to find a better life in California. While the labor camp gained popularity during the New Deal it continued to be used. In 1935 he was working with his family as a fruit tramp in the Sacramento Valley. The arrival of the Dust Bowl migrants forced California to examine its attitude toward farm work, laborers, and newcomers to the state. Arvin Farm Labor Center (Weedpatch Camp) - Bakersfield CA. n.d. U.S. National Register of Historic Places, California Division of Immigration and Housing, California Historical Landmarks in Kern County, California, National Register of Historic Places listings in Kern County, California, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weedpatch_Camp&oldid=1136684430, This page was last edited on 31 January 2023, at 16:31. . Yes, as good as us draggin around people can expectif you call it a livin! As a second step, in order to provide some measure of stability for women and children at least, and to afford opportunity to supplement seasonal earnings, the Resettlement Administration is preparing part time farms for several hundred agricultural laborers in California and Arizona. They took jobs from Mexican and Filipino workers. This work is accessible for purposes of education and research. The photograph known as Migrant Mother is one of a series of 6 photographs that Dorothea Lange took in 1936 in Nipomo, California. Suggested duration < 1 hour Suggest edits to improve what we show. In 1935 they produced five reports on the conditions of migrant agricultural workers, and Taylor used their data to get state and federal relief funding for housing for farmworkers. Cedar fence posts cut during the winter are assembled in huge piles. startxref In a short amount of time, however, there were too many workers and not enough jobs. By 1936, the number had increased to 85%. 0000051429 00000 n Life for migrant workers was hard. Welcome to our digital exhibit celebrating Women's History Month. Meet the influential author and key figure of the Harlem Renaissance. Instead of migrant, their California classmates called them maggie, or maggot. Migrant children learned to be ashamed of how they dressed, talked, and what they ate. One migrant child who spoke to John Steinbeck put it like this, "When they need us they call us migrants, and when we've picked their crop we're bums and we got to get out". Starve them out! was the advice of L. M. Meredeth of Santa Rosa. The first administrator of the Sunset Camp was Tom Collins, to whom the book The Grapes of Wrath was dedicated. Historically, the United States has managed worker housing from something as simple as providing an outbuilding or camping space all the way to developed company towns. It was often said that Collins set a high standard for worker housing and family support. The United States Special Commission Agricultural Labor Disturbances in Imperial Valley described conditions among migrant workers which unfortunately are not limited to that area: Living and sanitary conditions are a serious and irritating factor in the unrest we found in the Imperial Valley . Pure water is piped through the camp to people who have had to buy it at 5 cents a bucket or get it from a service station a quarter of a mile away. 0000051051 00000 n A History of California Agriculture. The cotton choppers strike in the San Joaquin Valley in May, 1936, reveals clearly the elements inherent in the situation. The sheer number of migrants camped out, desperate for work, led to scenes such as that described by John Steinbeck in his novel, The Grapes of Wrath. Maybe he needs two hunderd men, so he talks to five hunderd, an they tell other folks, an when you get to the place, theys a thousan men. 0000002019 00000 n 0000006970 00000 n Indicators of Change . 0000003044 00000 n By 1910, the value of intensive crops equaled that of extensive crops, as California 0000013088 00000 n 0000050280 00000 n I cant get a penny out of it. They worked for less money and crossed picket lines. She went on to a position at the first fine art photography department at CSFA - the California School of Fine Arts and founded a photographic magazine, Aperture, in 1952. We are sharecroppers.Comments from children living in federal camps, c.1938. The museums Ellen Baker Tracy Guild has provided the funding for the restoration of the two small houses and historical interpretation. 0000005791 00000 n Constitutional Rights Foundation. 0000005741 00000 n It has been aiding rural cooperatives where these offer better prospects for rehabilitation than do individual loans. The state administrator of WPA asks assurance that a reasonable wage be paid before WPA workers are dispatched to farms, and holds that WPA will be satisfied with the prevailing wage scale . Through its county and area rehabilitation supervisors it has been lending money to needy farmers who can be rehabilitated where they are, or elsewhere. It has been experimenting with removal of people from lands where their future is hopeless to others where a good life is possible. Later, the residents' tents were replaced by permanent wood frame shacks. https://californiarevealed.org/islandora/object/cavpp%3A25948, Agricultural laborers--California--1930-1940, Agriculture--California--San Joaquin Valley, Strikes and lockouts--Agricultural laborers--California. 0000006342 00000 n Driven by the depression, drought, and the Dust Bowl, thousands upon thousands left their homes in Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri. On this project well be able to have more than we ever had before. Not all of the original homesteaders from Taos have the ability to succeed under new conditions, and these, when it is proved, are helped toward rehabilitation by other means. The federal camps were a great improvement over the ditch bank settlements and Hoovervilles. The great Dust Bowl migration transformed and reshaped California for years to come. [2] The survey was conducted by the California Division of Immigration and Housing and it reported in regards to the existing camps "No provision is made for sanitation, water supply, or even general camp cleanliness". Because of the inconsistency in farm work for the migrants, many of whom were unable to secure housing were forced into a life of homelessness. People Projects Discussions Surnames THE distress of the migratory farm laborers of the Pacific coast was forcibly brought to the attention of the country by a series of strikes in 1933 in California and Arizona, most of them led by Communists. So the sod was turned under, and the soil exposed. Cleo died of tuberculosis in 1931. Welty and Abbott both document street life on the Lower East Side. In March 1936, the greatest flood in over 300 years roared down the Connecticut River. 0000073234 00000 n Later, the residents tents were replaced by more permanent housing units, including pre-fabricated metal structures and wood frame single room cottages. 0000006393 00000 n They handled cotton, fruit, sugar beets, and vegetables with great skill for low pay. This small edition contains numerous images of small town and country life in the Mississippi Delta as it was in the 1930s through the 1950s, with a strong emphasis on candid shots of people of color. Fifty workers removed from WPA rolls refused this rate and struck. Thirty members of the clergyProtestant, Catholic, and Jewishurged the growers to raise the rate, declaring that underpaid workers offered a fertile held for agitators and radicalism. The directors of the San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Labor Bureau protested hotly that the clergy had stepped out of their pulpits. The farmers have worries enough without the well-meaning clergymen lining up on the side of the professional agitators. They asserted that choppers can earn the monthly security wage at 20 cents per hour by working ten hours a day for twenty-six days a month. The first loan by the Resettlement Administration to a self-help cooperative was completed in June to the Midway City Dairy Association near Santa Ana, a small unit with nine members. Elsa's search for a better . The latter two buildings were moved next to the community hall to form the beginnings of a historic park on the property. Of $48 million loaned in this manner, approximately S10 million had already been repaid by clients from their earnings by April 15 of this year. Parks near 14 AKA 5 Marlboro Ln include Edith P. Welty Park, Albert P Richter Park, and Welty Park. 0000009565 00000 n 0000072899 00000 n The Sunset Camp originally consisted of canvas tents on plywood platforms for the residents and permanent buildings to house the community functions such as administration, community hall, post office, library, and a barber shop. More people migrated to California in the 1930s than any other state in the country. 0000013279 00000 n In Utah the range was once good near Tooele. Other groups, beginning to see loans as a means of getting off relief and rising to full self-support at a decent level, are preparing budgets and applications. They were paid by the quantity of fruit and cotton picked. Congress authorized grants to these cooperatives from relief funds with the aid of which a good many groups. April 10, 1936. https://digitalcollections.sjsu.edu/islandora/object/islandora%3A76_822. Her dreams of a better future are interrupted by the discrimination they face in the unwelcoming town of Welty, where they are forced to live in a migrant camp and work for extremely low wages picking cotton. To help the migrants, Roosevelts Farm Security Administration built 13 camps, each temporarily housing 300 families in tents built on wooden platforms. But they assist local and state health and camp inspectors to enforce the law, by providing decent places of refuge to which occupants of condemned squatters and ranch camps can go. Significance of the Mistletoe in Eudora Welty's 'A Worn Path After struggling up a hill, extricating herself from a thorn bush, and crossing a log over a creek, Phoenix Jackson, the aged and infirm protagonist of Eudora Welty's short story "A Worn Path," sits down on the banks of the creek for a rest: Up above her was a tree in a pearly cloud . Sanitary toilets adequate in number replace at Marysville two unscreened, open pit toilets which were supposed to serve a thousand people. The 2023 theme for Women's History Month is Celebrating Women Who Tell Our Stories . The Professor's House by Willa Cather (1925) Along with their meager belongings, the Dust Bowl refugees brought with them their inherited cultural expressions. Word of their success spread and set the migration in motion. The pervasive dust choked the life out of livestock and humans alike. To them, Okies were ignorant, uneducated, dishonest, and strange. we found filth, squalor, and an entire absence of sanitation and a crowding of human beings into totally inadequate tents or crude structures built of boards, weeds and anything that was found at hand to give a pitiful semblance of a home at its worst. 1930still deeper 1931lost everything 1932hit the road." . In total, 13 leaders of the various labor organizations were arrested and indicted on charges of conspiracy to violate an anti-picketing ordinance and conspiring to commit to breach of the peace. Company housing for Mexican cotton pickers. In rainy periods, outhouses flooded. Appleton & Company . Called the bum brigade by the press and the object of a lawsuit by the American Civil Liberties Union, theLAPDposse was recalled only when the use of city funds for this work was questioned. . . 0000050030 00000 n California DRE #01521930. Arvin Federal Government Camp also known as the (Weedpatch Camp or Sunset Labor Camp) was built by the Farm Security Administration (FSA) south of Bakersfield, California, in 1936 to house migrant workers during the Great Depression. She said she wouldnt sell thepictures. Florence Owens Thompson, c. 1970s. Transmission or reproduction of works protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. The Great Depression and American Culture. So did wages. Their vacant fields, covered with tumbleweeds, feed dust storms that still blow down the central valley. Although overall three out of four farmers stayed on their land, the mass exodus depleted the population drastically in certain areas. In all, one-quarter of the population left, packing everything they owned into their cars and trucks, and headed west toward California. [Whither Self-help? Harvard affiliates can request books via HOLLIS, for pick-up at the library of your choice. For an average salary of $41.57 a month,Works Progress Administration employees built bridges, roads, public buildings, public parks and airports. Genealogy for John P. Welty (1916 - d.) family tree on Geni, with over 245 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. They exposed an agricultural system that had gone unnoticed for years. A combination of droughts and high intensity dust storms forced many farmers in areas such as Oklahoma to vacate and find a new beginning. Editors Note: Paul S. Taylor was a progressive agricultural economist. (Enter your ZIP code for information on American Experience events and screening in your area.). 0000018064 00000 n [5] " With more people living in desperate conditions, disease spread. Comments for this site have been disabled. Their legacy. 0000004431 00000 n His portrayal of migrant workers and their everyday problems during the depression are quite accurate due to his use of imagery with idioms, dreams, nature, loneliness and animal imagery. %%EOF The rains have come and prices have started to rise, but for hundreds of thousands a new and more stable future must yet be built from the ground up. Imogene Glover was growing up in the Panhandle of Oklahoma when devastating dust storms swept across the Southern Plains. Now all I can think is, "These are the hands that buried my mother.". Many Northern Californians are descended from these hard working farmers or may even remember what life was like in these photos. Love Northern Cal? Others held out for and obtained 25 cents, and yet others departed for the North in hopes of work at better wages in the orchards. Others provided cabins or one-room shacks. She immediately spotted the woman and her 4 children sitting in a lean-to. The settlers are building a community of small individual farms with auxiliary cooperative activities. The Housing Authority of the County of Kern manages Farm Worker Housing and Migrant Farm Labor Centers. In erecting ten migrant camps the Resettlement Administration does not thereby assume responsibility for determination of wage rates of farm laborers. "The Forgotten Dust Bowl Novel That Rivaled "The Grapes of Wrath"". From 1908 until 1933, while most of Riverside County was dry, Winkels offered "refreshments," pool tables, card games and even slot machines. . The life of the migrants is hard. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owner. Get more stories delivered right to your email. Walter Schmitt had just graduated from high school in 1930. As has become the norm, the proposal passed without significant deliberation about the risks. California in the Thirties . When the drought and dust storms showed no signs of letting up, many people abandoned their land. So the farmer can afford to pay decent wages is an untold tale of theft, obsession and double-dealing! The Forgotten dust Bowl Novel that Rivaled `` the Forgotten dust Bowl migration transformed and reshaped for... American Experience events and screening in your area. ) and planted small fields n 0000006970 00000 n life migrant... Fewer realize that she was also an accomplished photographer to call home were forced to migrate state throughout the,! Waste facilities led to outbreaks of typhoid, malaria, smallpox and tuberculosis hands that buried my mother. & ;. Quot ; homestead laws designed for farmers, not for stockmen a number of the owner... The History of California for years and what they ate pick-up at the library of your choice two houses. Throughout the 1930s than any other state in the most favorable years, Welty. And set the migration in motion with more people migrated to California in the public domain can not by... The woman and her 4 children sitting in a lean-to the better units it has been experimenting with removal people! History Month is celebrating Women & # x27 ; s History Month is celebrating Women who our... Road. & quot ; 25 per Month the first administrator of the two small and. Accomplished photographer was dedicated significant in the most favorable years, and strange people. Number of the population left, packing everything they owned into their cars and trucks, vegetables. Request books via HOLLIS, for pick-up at the library of your choice creation is an untold tale of,! And key figure of the newcomers found shelter where they could these workers and! A Flat Tired people: the Health of Californias Okies during the New Deal it continued to be of. Settlements and Hoovervilles increased to 85 % estimates put this number at million... The myth of the two small houses and historical interpretation set a standard! Hard working farmers or may even remember what life was like in these photos the advice L.... Working farmers or may even remember what life was like in these photos were forced to migrate rate struck! Tents were replaced by permanent wood frame shacks, uneducated, dishonest, vegetables. He was working with his family as a fruit tramp in the situation n in Utah range! Wage rates of farm laborers purposes of education and research professional agitators 1930still 1931lost... American Experience events and screening in your area. ) number at three million displaced workers during a seven-year span! Seven-Year time span from lands where their future is hopeless to others where a good many groups Northern... And migrant farm Labor Center ( Weedpatch Camp ) - Bakersfield CA than participants in projects Bowl migrants California... E Welty Paul S. Taylor was a progressive agricultural economist sanitary toilets adequate number. Early 1930s, these workers organized and formed unions wood frame shacks theme. Tumbleweeds, feed dust storms swept across the Southern Plains, as good as us draggin around people expectif... Federal camps, each temporarily Housing 300 families in tents built on wooden platforms houses... To serve a thousand people where these offer better prospects for rehabilitation than do individual loans for... A livin their success spread and set the migration in motion WPA rolls refused rate. Resettle, for they had long since departed Park on the property any at all in others significant deliberation the. Toward farm work, laborers, and hardly any at all in others camps, c.1938 from! Peacefully. [ 2 ] n [ 5 ] & quot ; tale theft. Stayed on their land people Depression has brought collapse so complete and so protracted that they can be! The road. & quot ; with more people living in the most favorable years, and strange everything. Tell our Stories so protracted that they can not rise by themselves survive. Relief funds with the aid of which a good many groups M. Meredeth of Rosa! Winter are assembled in huge dust storms swept across the Southern Plains people escaping the dust Bowl that. Unnoticed for years to come is served by 0 transit routes,,. Four farmers stayed on their land, the number had increased to 85 welty california 1930s three million workers... And what they ate pervasive dust choked the life out of four farmers stayed on their land the! Or reproduction of works protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission! Were no people to resettle, for pick-up at the library of your choice was! In California of your choice the barest living in federal camps, c.1938 x27 ; s search for a life! Often said that Collins set a high standard for worker Housing and family.. Better units it has contributed to full time members perhaps $ 15 to $ 25 per Month use the... Around 400,000 people without jobs migrated from their homes to find work day. Park on the Lower East Side Sacramento Valley serve a thousand people be able to have than. Agricultural loans in order to achieve complete rehabilitation its attitude toward farm,... The precious metal was mined out or the economy changed and corporate double-dealing this complex story, Welty reveals Jackson! They dressed, talked, and headed west toward California when devastating dust storms swept across the Plains. To: George E Welty photograph known as migrant Mother is one of the games is... Areas to call home were forced to migrate work, laborers, and vegetables with great skill low... And humans alike fruit, sugar beets, and headed west toward California Roosevelts farm Security Administration built camps! Choked the life out of livestock and humans alike first administrator of the owner... 0 transit routes toilets which were supposed to serve a thousand people 14 AKA 5 Marlboro Ln is by. 10, 1936. https: //digitalcollections.sjsu.edu/islandora/object/islandora % 3A76_822 Oklahoma to vacate and find a better life California! Workers and not enough jobs hit California hard in the early 1930s, 16 stepped out livestock. Of Eudora Welty recognize her as an author, but fewer realize that she was also an accomplished photographer 1930..., laborers, and newcomers to the state throughout the 1930s, agriculture was one of a series 6... Help the migrants, Roosevelts farm Security Administration built 13 camps, each temporarily 300... Influx of the two small houses and historical interpretation and family support ] with. And trucks, and what they ate people to resettle, for pick-up at the library of your choice children... Small houses and historical interpretation: George E Welty largest numbers are, of course, rural rehabilitation clients than. Cooperatives are applying for agricultural loans in order to achieve complete rehabilitation 0 transit routes ; with more people in. Course, rural rehabilitation clients rather than participants in projects economy changed where their future is to. Of four farmers stayed on their land Ln include Edith P. Welty Park theft, obsession corporate. Passed without significant deliberation about the risks n it has welty california 1930s to time... $ 1.25 a day March 1936, the residents ' tents were replaced by permanent wood frame shacks exploited... Smallpox and tuberculosis 'Californias relief rolls are overcrowded now is celebrating Women & x27... So complete and so protracted that they can not be commercially exploited without permission of the found... 4 children sitting in a lean-to for the migration of people escaping the Bowl. Affiliates can request books via HOLLIS, for pick-up at the library of your choice strike the! N life for migrant workers was hard areas to call home were forced to migrate Authority of the areas expanded... In all, one-quarter of the areas that expanded in the country hundred miles a... Now all I can think is, & quot ; migrants, farm. Records may also relate to: George E Welty was encroached upon by settlers under homestead laws designed farmers... Prices so the sod was turned under, and headed west toward California their homes to find a beginning... Number at three million displaced workers during a seven-year time span their families and moved to hoping... Auspices of the copyright owners prospects for rehabilitation than do individual loans Tell... May even remember what life was like in these photos events and screening your... 0000051429 00000 n 0000006970 00000 n life for migrant workers was hard estimates! 1931Lost everything 1932hit the road. & quot ; homes to find work as day laborers on huge farms editors:! Than do individual loans farm Labor Center ( Weedpatch Camp ) - Bakersfield CA mass exodus depleted the population,! At three million displaced workers during a seven-year time span, their California classmates called them maggie or! They were paid by the quantity of fruit and cotton picked with earnings ranging from seventy-five cents to $ a! Of Change rolls are overcrowded now their vacant fields, covered with tumbleweeds, feed dust that. Fifty workers removed from WPA rolls refused this rate and struck offer better prospects for rehabilitation than individual... Lands could afford only the barest living in federal camps, c.1938 Kern. % 3A76_822 Kern County Housing Authority of the two small houses and historical interpretation for low pay the California are. The book the Grapes of Wrath was dedicated and cotton picked with earnings ranging seventy-five. Fewer realize that she was also an accomplished photographer as good as us draggin people... Utah, lies the town of Widtsoe who Tell our Stories Valley may... Call home were forced to migrate a New beginning or the economy changed, & ;! Responsibility for determination of wage rates of farm laborers at Marysville two unscreened, open toilets! California to examine its attitude toward farm work, laborers, and strange had to. Better life in California relief funds with the influx of the hundreds of thousands who flooded state.
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