In fandom studies, a specific code of conduct might be related to fan practices, as in the case of football fans (Jones, 2000; Kossakowski, 2017). Social practices include bonding, bridging, the sense of community and belonging (cf. Leisure career studies, on the other hand, concentrate heavily on sports events (Buning and Gibson, 2015; Getz and Patterson, 2013) as if career development in a hobby would require a measurable activity. Strategically, frequent festivalgoers should be considered as crucial stakeholders, who might mobilize the co-creation of a sense of community or festival brand. 6 No. (2005), Developing the travel career approach to tourist motivation, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. Knowledge acquisition and accumulation are typical for fandom as often the strength of fandom is tested by the level of knowledge about the fan interest (Sinclair and Dolan, 2015). Pauli started to prefer festivals abroad after his first visit to the Sziget festival in Hungary was so inspiring. 1, pp. Jones (2015) saw a postmodern music festival fan as a musical nomad who enjoyed the festival experience in general, not specific music per se. Funk and James (2001) developed a Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) to describe the depth of individuals' psychological connection to a sport or team. Fandom, on the other hand, has been studied in the festival context as fandom of an artist or musical genre, not as fandom of festivals, even though Rihova et al. Funk, D.C. and James, J. Skills development in turn is a fundamental part of an event travel career. Frequent festival attendance is a leisure career (contrary to a work career) that can be developed, consciously or unconsciously. 693-711. The involvement, proven to contain dimensions of pleasure, self-identity and centrality in lifestyle (Getz and Andersson, 2010, 2020), describes the depth of fan interest and has similarities with the psychological connection levels of PCM. Clicking on the following button will update the content below. This resembles characteristics of attachment and allegiance of the PCM (De Groot and Robinson, 2008). Show publisher information You can only download this statistic as a Premium user. Kelly, J.R., Iannone, N.E. 29 No. Theyve invested and partially own many festivals, which gives [festivals] the longevity and continuity that gives them a brand, he says. As of 2019, Glastonbury was the largest outdoor music festival in the United Kingdom with an audience capacity of 210,000. His background is in sociology, and he is specialised in tourism and leisure studies. Parklife is an annual two-day music festival in Manchester, England and takes place in June each year.The festival predominantly features dance and electronic music, as well as pop and hip-hop artists.. Jointly organised by a number of groups, including Manchester's The Warehouse Project and Live Nation, the festival started life as Mad Ferret Festival in Platt Fields Park, Rusholme, before . The purpose of the study is to compare features of career development and fandom in frequent festival attendance in the context of Finnish music festivals. Apr 2021 - May 20221 year 2 months. Jones, I. 2, pp. Impact of length of visit on the perceived benefits of music festival attendance. ), Tiina female, 27 years, boyfriend (not living together), Live music, making music, amateur theatre, nature activities, event surfing, Analytical, independent festival visitor and active volunteer worker in festivals, Live music, regular at a local bar, (theatre), Adventurous, social festivalgoer, lots of extempore participation, wants to visit at least one new festival a year, Changed friends to younger ones as the older friends did not attend festivals anymore; regularly visits festivals abroad, Seppo male, 41, wife and a 16-year-old son, If any free time left: live music, theatre, museum, city holidays, Works in the music industry; started his career as a festival volunteer; visits festivals abroad as part of his work, Live music, exercise, (food and beer festivals, theatre, films, classical music), New festivals: bands Familiar festivals: entirety, Writes articles on festivals and other live music gigs for a fanzine; gets accreditation in 75% of the attended festivals; attends several festivals abroad each year and has acquaintances around Europe whom she meets only at festivals, Live music, bars, floorball, food and drink festivals, Enjoys camping at festivals; divides festivals into home and travel festivals; attends festivals abroad every second year, Live music, reading, exercise, book and music fairs, Follows her favourite artists; front row fan who dances a lot, Nina female, 35, in a relationship (spouse does not attend festivals), Live music, exercise, spending time with friends, (theatre, films), Attends festivals where favourite artists perform; stays in the front row taking photos, Music is one of the most important things in my life, I actively search for new music that interests me, I actively recommend artists, songs, and albums to my friends, I usually listen to music, concentrating and burying myself in it, Making and playing music is one of the most important things in my life, Music often creates strong emotions in me, I usually listen to music with friends, acquaintances and like-minded people. Traditionally, music is considered very important for adolescents (Schwartz and Fouts, 2003) but our study participants were adults, suggesting that for a certain group of people the meaning of music might remain high throughout their adulthood. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. Luonila, M. and Johansson, T. (2015), The role of festivals and events in the regional development of cities cases of two Finnish cities, Event Management, Vol. The evolution of active-sport-event travel careers, Tramps like us: Music and Meaning Among Springsteen Fans, Examining the festival attributes that impact visitor experience, satisfaction and re-visit intention, Sport fan attachment and the Psychological Continuum Model: a case study of an Australian football league fan, Understanding Fandom: An Introduction to the Study of Media Fan Culture, Popular Music Fandom: Identities, Roles and Practices. The sense of community is related to a festival-specific liminoid zone that is restricted by space and time (Getz, 2007). Future research should focus on a specific musical genre, going deeper into the festival career that combines two types of fandom: for festivals and a musical genre. These aspects are discussed in more detail in the Summary of theoretical framework section. According to organizer reports, Morocco's Mawazine came in first the second time in a row with an attendance of roughly 2.8 million. In fan culture, there might be a certain code of conduct to be followed. 1, pp. and Barroso, J. 226-237. Modern music festivals in the U.S. grew out of the establishment and ethos of Woodstock. 135,000 plus the potential for a further 7,000. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. (Eds), Consumer Tribes, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. Their organizational capacity helps to manage ticketing and other factors that come into play in organizing a festival. The inaugural Maha Music Festival was held on Saturday, August 29, 2009 at Lewis & Clark Landing. 0000005385 00000 n Profit from the additional features of your individual account. Some fans travel long distances to see their idol in concerts and festivals (Henry and Caldwell, 2007), and many music festival front row attendees are fans of the performing artist. 1, pp. The motivational change might act as a trigger for frequent festival attendance, or for a desire to participate in festivals more often. Each of the major music festivals in the US, such as Coachella, Stagecoach and Desert Trip, generate around 100 tonnes of solid waste every day, while an estimated 23,500 tonnes of waste are. Reysen, S., Plante, C. and Chadborn, D. (2017), Better together: social connections mediate the relationship between fandom and well-being, AASCIT Journal of Health, Vol. After purchasing a controlling interest in Bonnaroo in 2015, Live Nation this year bought the remaining stake to gain total control of the festival. The idea was based on Maslow's (1954) hierarchy of needs, stating that as travel experience accumulates, the higher order needs become involved. Location: Del Mar, California. Frequent festivalgoers were open for social interaction to nurture the sense of community and belonging (see Social practices). However, these fans did not try to meet their idols in person. Juxtaposing these concepts in the context of frequent music festival attendance helps understanding an important festival audience segment that is valuable for the festival atmosphere (Kim, 2004; Prentice and Andersen, 2003), and music tourism in general (Bolderman and Reijnders, 2017; Lashua et al., 2014). 17 No. Pink is the number one touring artist of 2019 worldwide with a tour gross of $215.2 million. (2020), Ironic festival brand co-creation, Journal of Business Research, Vol. The third spot is taken up by the Montreal International Jazz Festival. They were fans of a certain musical genre or artist, but most of all, they were fans of music festivals to consume and experience music. 35 No. As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. There were around 462,000 followers of the participating festivals in Facebook, whereas the total number of visits to these festivals was 564,000 [1] in 2018. 2022 Conference and Festivals Demographics 2022 Event Statistics Economic Impact Analysis Event Facts & Figures Press Quotes & Participation Press Quotes Press Quotes Motivation changed with expertise: for instance, festival fans wanted to maintain the aspect of novelty (Getz, 2007; Getz and Andersson, 2020) by visiting new festivals in different locations. 18 No. Wood, E.H. and Kinnunen, M. (2020), Emotion, memory and re-collective value: shared festival experiences, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. Hurmerinta-Peltomki, L. and Nummela, N. (2006), Mixed methods in international business research: a value-added perspective, Management International Review, Vol. For example, Pori Jazz (organized in mid-July) attracted 350,000 and Ruisrock (at the beginning of July) over 100,000 visits in 2019 (Finland Festivals, 2020). The 1969 festival known as Woodstock took place from Aug. 15-18 in Bethel, New York, and would've been the biggest disaster in music festival history if not for the fabled musical performances and the harmonious spirit of the attendees. Now that you have an idea of what the typical hardcore festie is like, here's why it matters: They both contain the aspect of communality: a strong sense of being a member in a like-minded community. 0000004131 00000 n Month Held: September. 1408-1432. We cover all genres of music. This text provides general information. Formerly known as Woodstock Festival Poland, Pol'and'Rock is one of the largest free music festivals in the world and was previously the largest open-air festival in all of Europe. This statistic is not included in your account. Campers organized activities like football and frisbee and all kinds of drinking games (Pekka), which made socializing and getting to know each other easier. Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. This leads to changes in motivations for participation, like in the event travel career, most probably towards social benefits and well-being. and Lee, U.-I. Furthermore, he defined that event travel career embraces general and event-specific motives, progression through time (amount and type of events), geographic preferences and patterns, evolving preferences (event characteristics, travel arrangements) and modified behavior (travel companion, event-specific holidays) (Getz, 2008). It was also practical knowledge when to buy tickets and make travel arrangements, what to pack and how to act at festivals. Luonila, M., Suomi, K. and Johansson, M. (2016), Creating a stir: the role of word of mouth in reputation management in the context of festivals, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, Vol. 15 No. (Ed.) Pearce and Caltabiano (1983) introduced the concept of the motivational career in travel, later Travel Career Ladder (Pearce, 1988), where a travelers motivational factors or needs change through time. Please note that the code must be integrated into the HTML code (not only the text) for WordPress pages and other CMS sites. Festival attendance was an important element of frequent festivalgoers' social life. In the country of 5.5 million citizens, the number of festivals per capita is noteworthy, Finns participate actively, and the contents of festivals represent various artistic genres (for example, music, theatre, film, dance, literature and fine arts). Additionally, she conducts her post-doctoral research project in UNIARTS Helsinki, focusing on the network management of arts productions. Are you interested in testing our business solutions? (2013), Social worlds as a framework for event and travel careers, Tourism Analysis, Vol. (2011), Serious sport tourism and event travel careers, Journal of Sport Management, Vol. (2016), Gender, Metal and the Media: Women Fans and the Gendered Experience of Music, Palgrave Macmillan, London. As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. Please do not hesitate to contact me. SXSW FESTIVALS: FILM & COMEDY SXSW FESTIVALS 155 World Premieres . Kaaboo. Dimensions of football fandom in Poland, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, Vol. Fandom, on the other hand, might be developed through increased consumption or vice versa; increased consumption and career development might emerge because of fandom (Lexhagen et al., 2019; Mackellar, 2009). Knowledge comprised also a wide range of information about different music festivals, both in Finland and abroad. (2000), A model of serious leisure identification: the case of football fandom, Leisure Studies, Vol. Accessed March 01, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1139010/festival-and-events-attendance-canada/, Elevent. Staff Writer. (Sofia). A majority of domestic sales unsurprisingly came from the Western region, particularly California locals. The lineup was headlined by Dashboard Confessional and G. Love & Special Sauce, and included Big Head Todd and the Monsters, Serena Ryder, Army Navy and The Appleseed Cast. Statistical methods used were chi-square, correlation and MannWhitney U-tests. As of March 2020, the exhibition and events industry had lost 14.4 billion euros (16.5 billion USD). Kinnunen, M., Homi, H. and Honkanen, A. 77-101. 0000045572 00000 n Kim, H. (2004), Serious Leisure, Participation and Experience in Tourism: Authenticity and Ritual in a Renaissance Festival, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. 175-188. 0000000596 00000 n 14 No. 1, pp. In the U.S., over the past five years consumer spending on live entertainment has grown 7% annually, providing strong structural tailwinds to drive increased demand for concerts globally. Patience, on the other hand, was needed since festival attendance involved lots of queuing and waiting. Also, the number of stadium and other big concert attendances was strongly correlated with the number of festival attendances (rs=0.233, p=0.000). Communality and the sense of belonging built by festival attendees was a major building block for both fandom and career development; it was related to participation motives where the social atmosphere of festivals played an important role. If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. Thus, familial responsibilities were minimal for them. Photo Credit: Carlos Alfonso One week following the. This action might justify the festival's existence by empowered legitimacy through frequent festivalgoers' subjective contribution to the production (see Luonila et al., 2019), and foster attendance motivation among new festival audiences. Get full access to all features within our Business Solutions. It is important to note that these studies are related to being an active sports participant (not a spectator); that is, a runner, cyclist and so on. Communality the positive, open and egalitarian connection with other members of the audience is at the heart of a memorable festival experience (Kinnunen, 2018). hb``` Today, rhythm music festivals encourage cultural consumption to flourish especially in summertime, when hundreds of pop, rock and jazz festivals are produced both in cities and peripheral regions. 6, pp. Klaic, D. (2014), Festivals in Focus: Contemporary European Case-Studies and Perspectives, Goodfellow, Oxford. 23-38. 106, pp. In this study, most of the frequent festivalgoers were either single or in a relationship without small children. The practice is present, for instance, in football fan clubs where violators of the rules might even be punished (Jones, 2000; Kossakowski, 2017). Career studies, on the other hand, concentrate heavily on sports events. Firstly, in line with the main theoretical contribution of the study, by being sociable, friendly and skilled attendees, frequent festivalgoers might be positioned as members of the festival communitas who create a festival experience and atmosphere by participating in collective actions and shared enjoyment. The strong commitment to live music and festivals in particular, as well as the meaningful connection to music, demonstrate characteristics of attachment and allegiance that are the highest levels of the Psychological Continuum Model describing the depth of fan interest (Funk and James, 2001). You know that if you attend an event alone you'll surely see at least one familiar face there. (Anna). She attended one new festival per year and a total of ten festivals a year: I always aim to attend ten but this year it was only nine because I ran out of money (laugh). Festival attendance also increased fans' well-being (cf. To scrutinize respondents' relation to music and festivals, the survey included questions regarding respondents' musical preferences, the importance of music, frequency of attending live music events, opinions about the quality of Finnish music festivals, opinions about the importance of different festival experience elements and future intentions regarding festival attendance. Interviewees pointed out how festival behavior comprised a code of conduct one should follow so that other people should be considered. Quinn, B. and Wilks, L. (2016), Linking social capital, cultural capital and heterotopia at the folk festival, Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology and Sociology, Vol. Quantitative analysis was used to describe the characteristics of frequent festivalgoers compared to casual ones, as well as to define their relationship with music. 0000010543 00000 n The serious nature of festival participation has been noted as loyal visitors return year after year to the same festival and sense a kind of ownership of the festival in question (Kim, 2004). 15 No. Nordvall, A. and Heldt, T. (2017), Understanding hallmark event failure: a case study of a Swedish music festival, International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. In this respect, since Finland has been labelled as a land of festivals, in particular music festivals (Luonila and Johansson, 2015), it makes the country a suitable context for the current study on frequent music festival attendance. 39 No. This means that frequent attendees understand how important it is for the overall festival experience that they contribute to the festival atmosphere. Live music attendees (including popular and classical music) are 23% more likely to report very good or excellent health. 468-491. There are multiple benefits following the shift from physical to virtual events, and cost reduction is one of them. Demographics (age, sex, residence, education, employment, criminal history) 2. [2] In addition to live music, Hinterland features art, craft vendors, and camping. Director (Community) The Mentoring Circle. Kinnunen and Haahti (2015) estimated a few years ago that the number of festivals is something between 500 and 800, and Finland Festivals, the umbrella association of 79 Finnish festivals, reported over 2 million festival visits in 2019 (Finland Festivals, 2020). (2019a), Segmentation of music festival attendees, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, Vol. Audiences are keen to connect to the artist, he says. In the context of the present study, frequent music festival attendance is expected to fulfil the characteristics of festival career development: if the introduction to festivals that is, the first festival experience was positive, it might lead to extensive festival attendance where the participant seeks new, positive and inspiring experiences at festivals. AEG Live has helped to produce Coachella, Firefly and Stagecoach through ownership of the promoter Goldenvoice. Business Solutions including all features. Frequent music festival attendance is a demonstration of festival fandom including fandom-related practices, part of which are present also in the event travel career model as discussed next. 52 No. Duffett, M. (2013), Understanding Fandom: An Introduction to the Study of Media Fan Culture, Bloomsbury, New York, NY. Show publisher information and displayed without charge by all commercial and 2, pp. The Music Network Splendour in the Grass 2019 generated a record attendance of 42,500 and a record number of brand partners. The nature of the festival makes it the odd one out on this list, since it takes place over the course of two weeks and not just one or two weekends. Finally, knowledge about different festival areas grew among frequent festivalgoers and they did not need festival area maps unless there had been major changes in their favorite festival. Luonila, M. and Kinnunen, M. (2019), Future of the arts festivals: do the views of managers and attendees match?, International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Vol. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. As a consequence, festival fans have grown to appreciate live music and festivals more than ever (LiveFIN, 2020; Live Nation and TicketMaster, 2020). Pearce, P.L. Now we see them each summer at events in Finland. held from March 8-10, 2019 at the University of Sheffield and Sheffield Town Hall. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, Article publication date: 15 February 2021. Coachella, one of the most popular festivals in the country, grossed $114.6 million in 2017, setting a major record for the first recurring festival franchise to earn more than $100 million. Using several examples, our study demonstrates the importance of social dimensions in music festival attendance, revealing the role of the frequent festivalgoers as important and potential actors in the production processes of festivals and the development activities in the networked production contexts. 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