While some of this shift took place a decade ago, postgraduate voters affiliation with and leaning to the Democratic Party have grown substantially just over the past few years, from 55% in 2015 to 63% in 2017. B. the party machine Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry. C. the qualified pool of applicants for such jobs is so small part of the Democratic Party base. D. a certain percentage of the presidential vote before parties can receive federal funds, Major sources of money for parties in all elections are individual donors and ______. The GOP now enjoys a two-to-one advantage over the Democratic Party among white voters with no more than a high school diploma (62% to 31%). Among white voters with a college degree but no postgraduate experience, 49% identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party, while 46% identify with or lean toward the Republican Party. In fact, Republican identification is most common among the oldest generation of Americans -- the Silent Generation, at 39% -- and is less common at each lower rung on the generational ladder, down to 17% among Generation Z. The balance of partisanship among white, black and Hispanic voters has been generally stable over the past decade. B. the Republicans have been the more liberal of the two main political parties Among white Millennial voters, the Democratic Party holds a narrow 48% to 45% advantage in leaned party identification. C. working-class voters, suburbanites, Catholics, and evangelical Protestants Say Alexa, enable the Pew Research Center flash briefing, 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA The majority of millennials, 52%, are independent, and that percentage has increased by five percentage points in each of the past two decades. Notably, men (39%) remain more likely than women (30%) to call themselves independents. D. the poor, evangelical Protestants, and the highly educated, Generally speaking, the Republican Party appeals to ______. A. entrepreneurial leaders find ways to limit the benefits strictly to group members B. critical elections D. unlikely to become influential in American politics, The history of American political parties is, for the most part, one of long periods of stability punctuated by rapid changes in partisan orientation. In 2017, the Democratic Party held a wider 59% t0 32% advantage among this group. gain the benefits of their activities whether or not they join. Search, examine, compare and export nearly a century of primary data. This balance is little changed over the last decade. The voter's view of the incumbent's previous performance. Among registered voters, 56% of women identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party compared with 42% of men. Modern political parties have two fundamental activities, ______. At the same time, the GOP now runs about even with the Democratic Party among voters without a college degree after trailing among this group at the end of the George W. Bush administration. American political parties are decentralized for which reason? Hispanic Catholics, who represent a growing share of the Catholic population in the U.S., are substantially more Democratic in their orientation (64% of Hispanic Catholic voters affiliate with or lean to the Democratic Party, 27% to the GOP). candidates. For instance, gender, generational, geographic and educational divides are now as wide, or wider, than in Pew Research Center surveys going back more than two decades. C. middle-class, Catholic, minority, and urban voters The Silent Generation (born 1928 to 1945) is the only generational group that has more GOP leaners and identifying voters than Democratic-oriented voters. B. makes it easier for voters to hold parties accountable for their actions Since 1992, the percentage of Silent Generation members who identify as political independents has decreased from 35% to 26%, which has been accompanied by an equal increase in Republican identification. Southern voters in urban counties are less likely than their Northeastern counterparts to identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party (55% vs. 72%). \text{Fixed expenses}\hspace{5pt} & B. seek to influence public policy C. expelled numerous representatives and senators for improperly accepting illegal gifts and travel from lobbyists Millennials have been more likely to identify as Democrats than Republicans over the past 20 years, but fewer align with either party than did 10 and 20 years ago. The data also reveal that each younger generation has had a greater proportion of independents throughout their lives than the prior generation did, even at similar stages in their life. D. party bosses, Party activists ______. A. truer than ever in today's political landscape By contrast, white voters with no more than a high school education have moved more to the GOP over the last 10 years, though there has been little change since 2015. Almost nine-in-ten (87%) lean toward or identify with the Democratic Party. In 1994, 39% of those with a four-year college degree (no postgraduate experience) identified with or leaned toward the Democratic Party and 54% associated with the Republican Party. C. candidates' need for more money to pay for television advertising Younger generations of U.S. adults are much more likely than older generations to identify as independents and, to this point, Generation X and millennials have become no less likely to do so as they have gotten older, in contrast to the generations that preceded them. The Democratic Party opened up a 4-point edge among this group in 2016, and that advantage has grown to 12 points in the current data (54% to 42%). B. John Adams The balance of partisan affiliation and the combined measure of partisan identification and leaning has not changed substantially over the past two decades. As a result of these patterns, the gap in Democratic affiliation between white and nonwhite voters is 16 points among Millennial voters, but rises to 26 points among Gen Xers, 31 points among Baby Boomers and 37 points among Silents. A. slightly more Americans identify as Democrats than as Republicans Voters with some postgraduate experience, in addition to a four-year college degree, are especially likely to associate with the Democratic Party. A. tend to be more ideological than the voters in the general election D. engaging in negative partisanship, Interest groups often provide selective incentives, which are ______. Generation X voters (born 1965 to 1980) are more divided in their partisan attachments, but also tilt toward the Democratic Party (48% identify as or lean Democratic, 43% identify as or lean Republican). Among voters with a college degree, white men are 17 points more likely than white women to identify with or lean toward the GOP. About 27 percent of Mr. Biden's supporters in 2020 were white voters without a college degree, according to Pew Research, down from the nearly 60 percent of Bill Clinton's supporters who were. The overall balance of partisan orientation among Hispanics is little changed over the last decade. There are sizable and long-standing racial and ethnic differences in partisan affiliation, and they have shifted only modestly in recent years. By more than two-to-one (63% to 28%), Hispanic voters are more likely to affiliate with or lean toward the Democratic Party than the GOP. However, over the past few years the Democratic Party has lost some ground among Millennials, even as it has improved its standing among the oldest cohort of adults, the Silent Generation. D. have the sympathy of the public, Astroturf lobbying refers to ______. In 200320032003, the Supreme Court upheld most of the law in its ruling in McConnell v. FEC. \text{Sales (8,000 units)}\hspace{5pt} \ &\ B. acting like an interest group entrepreneur To stay up to date with the latest Gallup News insights and updates, follow us on Twitter. Women voters with a college degree are 17 points more likely to identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party than they were 25 years ago, while there has been a 10-point increase among men with a college degree. As a result, the gender gap in leaned Democratic Party affiliation between Gen X men and women has grown from 11 points in 2017 to 18 points in combined 2018-2019 data. C. there are too few potential members for the group to be effective A. presenting misleading polls to members of Congress Today nearly seven-in-ten (68%) do so. C. participation D. the majority of Americans belong to hyperpartisan interest groups, Normally, American political parties tend to take moderate stances on most political D. Republicans have been less ideologically consistent than Democrats, In American politics, which group generally opposes governmental action to solve economic problems but favors increased governmental involvement in citizens' social and moral lives? D. its lack of organization makes it a cumbersome tool at election time, The responsible party model ______. In the wake of key decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court, the public's approval of its job remains little changed overall but with record-high division among partisans. ______. The GOP continues to maintain an advantage in leaned party identification among white voters (53% to 42%). C. liberal candidates regardless of whether they are incumbents or challengers D. lobbyists envy government officials and want to take their jobs, so they are willing to Gen X women are 3 points more likely to identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party than they were in 2017, while Gen X men have become 4 points more likely to associate with the GOP. A. party machines Black Protestant voters remain solidly Democratic in their partisan loyalties. \underline{\underline{\$\hspace{18pt}\text{8,000}}}\\\\ (Across many political attitudes, there is little difference between voters who lean toward a party and those who identify with that party; this report primarily focuses on the combined measure of leaned party identification.). The share of all voters with a college degree has grown from 24% in 1994 to 35% today. C. lobbying efforts directed at congressional staff members Both groups are far more Democratic in their partisan preferences than in 1994, though the movement toward the Democratic Party has been slightly greater among women than men. C. governing Overall, the Democratic Party holds a 68% to 27% advantage in leaned party identification over the GOP among all Jewish voters. By contrast, 58% of voters living in rural counties identify with or lean toward the GOP; 35% identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party. For results based on the total sample of 2,411 baby boom generation adults, the margin of sampling error is 2 percentage points at the 95% confidence level. A. public goods available to everyone A gender gap in partisan affiliation and leaning is seen across racial and ethnic groups. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, 1. A. increased, but only for Democrats B. moved toward third parties C. generally decreased D. increased due to partisanship A In terms of party identification, currently ______. D. vote for radical candidates, Americans ______. party ______. Overall, 34% of registered voters identify as independent, compared with 33% who identify as Democrats and 29% who identify as Republicans. In both generations, the GOP enjoys a similar modest advantage (11 percentage points among white Gen Xers, 12 points among white Boomers); these are similar to the balances in 2014. B. control top party positions and can impose their will on the grassroots members In recent decades, party identification among American voters has ______. Both groups have moved toward the GOP over the past decade, though the shift has been slightly more pronounced among those with no more than a high school diploma than those with some college experience. 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