This term includes all dogs used for hunting, security or breeding purposes. Genetic engineering is being used to create human organs but in the long run if it can create . However, many animal activist groups such as, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), have spoken out against the issue. For example, the routine docking of dogs' tails is banned but working dogs are . 3.112 (c)). The idea of difference is a human conception for mans own advantage Do you agree or disagree? (b) (1) Every dealer and exhibitor, except auction sales and brokers, shall make and maintain records or forms for animals other than dogs and cats, acquired, held, transported, or disposed of, as required in section 2.75 (b)(1)-(3). (Sect.2.126 (a)(4)). The instructions must be attached in a manner that makes them easily noticed and read. (Sect.2.133 (e)). All of these factors are expected to be made public in order to display a credible and successful scientific experiment (Kilkenny et al. author of the book, Nol Sweeney, has been practising as. This will result in destruction of economies based on these products. (Sect. A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to destination. Section 3.113 Primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals. The scientists used monkeys and rodents as their primary test subjects. 1. A necropsy report must be prepared by the veterinarian listing all pathologic lesions observed and giving the apparent cause of death. (Sect. The primary animal protection legislation is the Welfare of Animals Act (Northern Ireland) 2011 ('the 2011 Act'), and the Animal Health and Welfare Act 2013. legislature pertaining to animal welfare in the UK. (a)(1) Any person who operates or wishes to operate as a dealer or exhibitor must have a valid license and must be at least 18 years old. 3.14 (h)). 2.1et. (Sect. (2) All premises, facilities, or sites where such person operates or keeps animals are to be indicated on the application form, or on a separate sheet attached to it. Candidates for experimental tests require special food, shelter and care that dont come cheap. Companies who buy meat, milk, egg, and wool products from farmers will require themtoenroll incertification programs, which sets standards for the humane care and treatment of livestock and poultry. Match. 8.12 The Animal Welfare Act 2006 (which applies in England and Wales), the Animal Health and Welfare (Scotland) Act 2006 and the Welfare of Animals (Northern Ireland) Act 2011 contain provisions to safeguard the welfare of animals. (b) Any carrier or intermediate handler shall only accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any live rabbit in a primary enclosure which conforms to the requirements set forth in section 3.6l of the standards:Provided, however,That any carrier or intermediate handler may accept.any live rabbit.if such consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate, signed by the consignor, stating that the primary enclosure complies with section 3.61 of the standard, unless such primary enclosure is obviously defective or damaged and it is apparent that it cannot, reasonably be expected to contain the live rabbit without causing suffering or injury to such live rabbit. 3.86 (c)). In the case of a part-time attending veterinarian or consultant arrangements, the formal arrangements shall include a written program of veterinary care and regularly scheduled visits to the premises of the dealer or exhibitor;". Such animals may need fewer veterinary interventions, use of special feed supplements, or other growth stimulants. Animal testing is the inhumane act of using conscious, innocent animals to test products without care of what the aftermath may be. 2.2). (Sect. In a first of its kind, the Government has today published an action plan for animal welfare that will revolutionise the treatment of animals in the UK and . Furthermore, while critics argue that laws have been issued which protect the physical and mental health of animals used as test subjects, the Animal Welfare Act is only US law that governs the use of laboratory animals. improve welfare and reduce losses in poultry. Reporting animal welfare concerns and enforcement Do you have a concern for an animal's welfare? This 2022 report covers a brief background of the AWA and lays out various animal welfare issues stakeholders have called upon Congress to address. This plan must be made available to APHIS upon request.The plan must address the requirements set forth in section 3.81 (a)(b) (c) and (d). Match. Section 2.132 Procurement of random source dogs and cats, dealers. Section 3.16 Food and water requirements. As a library service, AWIC provides information, products and services related to the improved care and use of animals in research, testing, and teaching as . (b) One copy of the record shall be given to the consignor of each animal, one copy to the purchaser of each animal, and one copy shall be retained by the auction sale or broker. The Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC) was mandated under the AWA's 1985 amendment, 'Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act'. 1. Nearly 300 reports were collected from leading biomedical research publishers. Out of all of the acquired publications, only 59% of them proclaimed their studys goal, the amount of animals that they used, and important traits of their test subjects. TheUSDA'sAnimaland Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) enforces the law with inspections. Section 3.87 Primary enclosure used to transport nonhuman primates. (2) Accurate and complete records are to be separately maintained by the licensee and by the pound or shelter. Section 3.89 Food and water requirements. Food and water instructions must be attached in accordance with section 3.13 (c). However, it can be done in a way that caters for good animal welfare and according to the 3R principles. (3.86 (b)). The completed application, the application fee indicated in section 2.1 (d) and the annual license fee indicated in table 1 or 2 of section 2.6 are to be filed with the APHIS, AC Regional Director. Intensive farming is less ethical than free range farming due to poorer animal welfare. 3.113 (f)). If you have concerns about zoos or zoo animals, contact the APHISregional officeresponsible for the geographic area where the zoo is located. What is even worse is that when an animal dies, the ecosystem will be damaged and human beings will pay for the price. The Animal Welfare Act introduced more flexibility in sentencing the worst offenders, allowing for higher fines and other penalties. The plan must be in accordance with the currently accepted professional standards as cited in appropriate professional journals or reference guides, and as directed by the attending veterinarian. (Sect.3.8). Other laws, policies, and guidelines may include additional species coverage or specifications for animal care and use, but all refer to the Animal . Once a farmer is enrolled, animal welfare audits are conducted to ensure the certification program's standards are being met. 4. (1) "The other person agrees in writing to comply with the regulations in part 2 and the standards in part 3 of this subchapter and allow inspection of his premises by an APHIS official during business hours; and" (Sect.2.102 (a)(1)). The system of patronage has very distinct advantages and disadvantages. Alternative testing methods. In 1966, Congress passed the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act (P.L. All diagnostic rests conducted on post mortem specimens shall be listed in the report, and the results of each test recorded. a barrister for over 20 years, working in the field of animal. (a) Every auction sale or broker shall make and maintain records or forms, as required by section 2.76, for each animal consigned or sold. They were starved to death just weeks after the racing season was over (Kitzmiller). Instructions for no food or water are not acceptable unless directed by the attending veterinarian. The use of animal testing has increased, due to its many necessary benefits, such as: helping form vaccinations and uncovering new diseases in the specific species being tested on (AALAS). 89% of scientists surveyed by the Pew Research Center were in favor of animal testing for scientific research. These groups claim animal testing to be inhumane. Reduce risk on human lives Because products and medications are first tested on animals, no human lives will be put in danger or lost. If lost or stray, the pound or shelter records shall provide the information required in section 2.132 (e)(2)(i)-(iv). Nonhuman primates must be confined in primary enclosures that meet the requirements of section 3.87 (a),(b),(c),(d) and (e). After all, pain leads to production losses which have major economic repercussions. There is a huge difference between giving animals their rights which is less than human beings and not to give them rights at all. Laws to protect animals, however, already exist in Europe as early as the 1600s. Learn. The welfare test, as applied to intra-family disputes, is found in Part I of the 1995 Act. Section 1 defines an "animal" as a vertebrate (other than a human) from the sub-phylum vertebrata of the phylum chordata. (b) Any dealer or exhibitor offering a nonhuman primate to a carrier or intermediate handler for transportation in commerce must securely attach to the outside of the primary enclosure used for transporting the nonhuman primate, written instructions for a 24 hour period for the in-transit food and water requirements of the nonhuman primate(s) contained in the enclosure. Alternatively, you can use APHIS'sonlineAnimal Welfare Complaint form. (Sect.2.76 (b)). trade or as household pets. (b) Any carrier or intermediate handler shall only accept for transportation or transport, in commerce, any marine mammal in a primary enclosure which conforms to the requirements set forth in section 3.113 of the standards:Provided, however,That any carrier or intermediate handler may accept for transport, in commerce, any marine mammal . if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate, signed by the consignor, stating that the primary enclosure complies with section 3.113 of the standards, unless such primary enclosure is obviously defective or damaged and it is apparent that it cannot reasonably be expected to contain the marine mammal without causing suffering or injury to such marine mammal. 3.87 (f)). 3.16 (b)). Animals housed in the same primary enclosure must be compatible and not be housed near animals that interfere with their health or cause them discomfort. USDA. Created by. Government intervention shall decrease the social costs of livestock farming and increase the social benefit of animal welfare. Our inspectors conduct unannounced visits to licensed or registered facilities where they review all areas of care and treatment covered under the law. Transfer of animals by way of sale or prize to persons under 16 12. Select the 4 resources to the right to read the original Act and some of its amendments. The idea of a "welfare queen" just doesn't exist in reality. Animals in research and teaching Regulations to promote welfare Licensing and registration 13. (Sect.2.40 (a)(3)). So, there really is no need to use animals for testing or hurt them in the process. Because of how expensive animal testing is some companies even go as far as to breed animals specifically for testing so they can sell them for a high price. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) was signed into law in 1966. The Animal Welfare Act of 1996, also called the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act, was an act signed into law on August 24, 1966, by former President Lyndon B. Johnson. To learn more about certification programs, visitAWIC'sCertification Programspage. Animal cruelty legislation prohibits the most extreme, deliberate or willful forms of mistreatment of animals, imposing criminal sanctions for certain acts that constitute "cruelty to animals". 2.11 Conclusions and implications. (Sect. Home Essay Samples Law, Crime & Punishment Animal Cruelty Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Animals For Entertainment Purposes This essay has been submitted by a student. While the problem of conducting experiments on animals draws attention of the society, the speech would present the limitation of animal experiments and outline the alternatives. Those who have the heart to inflict this type of brutality do this by immobilizing them in restraint devices for hours, in order to drill holes into their skulls and have their spinal cords crushed (PETA). law as well as criminal and human rights law. Persuasive Speech Animal Testing 1084 Words | 5 Pages There is a proviso that field studies as defined in Part 1 are exempt from this requirement. breeders, those who have working animals or farm animals in England and Wales. Signed into law by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1966, the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) is federal legislation in the United States designed to prevent animal cruelty and abuse within laboratories, the entertainment industry (e.g., zoos, circuses), and captive breeding. Instructions for administration of drugs, medication, and other special care must be attached to each primary enclosure in a manner that makes them easy to notice, to detach for examination, and to reattach securely. The certification must be securely attached to the outside of the primary enclosure in a manner that makes it easily noticed and read. Application is to be made on a form furnished by the AC Regional Director and is to be filed with the AC Regional Director in the state in which that person operates or intends to operate. The AWAHDC contains U.S. Government publications related to the AWA that fall into three categories: legislative history, regulatory history, and USDA publications. 3.35 (c)). 89-54) to prevent pets from being stolen for sale to research laboratories, and to regulate the humane care and handling of dogs, cats, and other laboratory animals. The certificate shall include the information required in section 3.60 (b)(1)-(4). Because of how expensive animal testing is some companies even go as far as to breed animals specifically for testing so they can sell them for a high price. Most livestock production industries in the United States have developed and implemented science-based animal care guidelines. Dogs, cats, guinea pig, and warm-blooded animals are well protected under this law. Therefore, if no testing will be done on animals, the overall cost will be saved and used for something else. Then again, if animals are hurt or killed because of human activities, our planets ecosystem will be damaged and will lead to destruction of all humans and non-human animals. The AWA has been amended numerous times since its original passage in 1966. Examples include release of birds of prey with foot inju-ries or beak injuries, release of mammals with fractures etc. It would be even more immoral if test subjects used are humans themselves. Every day, thousands of animals are subjected to cruel, inhumane treatment. It is an advantage that results obtained in preclinical imaging can be transferred relatively easily to testing in voluntary subjects. Most opponents believe that animals do not have the same rights as humans, which means they will never be equal. I believe that animal testing is beneficial because it provides opportunities to improve the lives of both humans and animals. 587 Words 3 Pages Good Essays Inaccurate Animal Testing (a) Hamsters shall not be housed in outdoor facilities. (b) "Guinea pigs shall not be housed in outdoor facilities unless such facilities are located in an appropriate climate and prior approval for such outdoor housing is obtained from the Deputy Administrator." 2.8). View. There is no difference there between a cat or a man. Drugs used to prevent and treat cancer, HIV, diabetes, and other serious conditions have all been tested on animals first. The market of animal welfare will reached its optimal level due to policy implementation by the government. A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to destination. (g) Documents accompanying the shipment shall be attached in an easily accessible manner to the outside of the primary enclosure. For this purpose of this Act, pet animal shall include birds. (Sect.2.76 (a)(1)-(8)). The instructions must be attached in a manner that makes them easily noticed and read. These are the American Humane Association, Animal Allies, Committee to Abolish Sport Hunting, and Progressive Animal Welfare Society (PAWS), to name a few. Take a look at ourinteractive timeline! So, there really is no need to use animals for testing or hurt them in the process. As it turns out, when your herd suffers, your ROI suffers too. In 2011, Greyhound trainer Robbie Williams was arrested for the deaths of 37 greyhounds (Kitzmiller). A copy of such certification shall accompany the shipment to destination. The Act places the legal burden on the actual person in charge and basically aims to protect the animals from us doing them harm or abusing them and this is what many owners are unaware of. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. In the long term, organic farms save energy and protect the environment. Most of its points of legislation have been . The use of animals in research has once again become a provocative and controversial topic of debate between many scientists and some other members of the public. Arts and Humanities. Farm animals are not covered by the AWA. The other people would say that the most efficient way goes against the animal's welfare. 3.27 (b)). Section 2.1 Requirements and application. Most welfare programs are not designed to be a long-term income solution. The AWA has been amended numerous times since its original passage in 1966. 3.61 (f)). (a) Each dealer or exhibitor shall have an attending veterinarian who shall provide adequate veterinary care to its animals in compliance with this section. Pros and Cons of an Animal ID System Proponents' Claimed Benefits Opponents' Claimed Criticisms Development of a National Animal ID System Species Coverage USDA's Involvement NAIS Business Plan NAIS User Guide NAIS Program Standards and Technical Reference NAIS Goals NAIS Program Implementation Step 1. USDA'sAnimaland Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) conducts licensing and inspections of zoos to ensure compliance with the minimum standards of care required by the Animal Welfare Act. U.S. law permits animals to be shocked, burned, poisoned, infected with diseases, brain-damaged, and much more. 95% of animals used in experiments are not protected by the federal Animal Welfare Act (AWA), which excludes birds, rats and mice bred for research, and cold-blooded animals such as reptiles and most fish. (b) "Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a nonhuman primate for transport in commerce unless they are provided with the name, address, telephone number, and telex number, if applicable, of the consignee." Some people believe that animal, The Pros And Cons Of The Animal Welfare Act. Most experiments carried out are completely pointless, seeing as humans and animals react to drugs differently. Shipping documents that must accompany shipments of dogs and catsmust be securely attached in a readily accessible manner to the outside of any primary enclosure that is a part of the shipment, in a manner that allows them to be detached for examination and securely reattached. Show abstract. These requirements are found in Title 9 CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter A - Animal Welfare, Parts 1, 2, and 3. 2. 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Working in the long term, organic farms save energy and protect the environment, has been amended times... Working dogs are, or other growth stimulants primary test subjects used are humans themselves in destruction economies! Research publishers injuries, release of birds of prey with foot inju-ries or beak injuries, release of birds prey! An animal & # x27 ; tails is banned but working dogs are offenders, allowing higher. The veterinarian listing all pathologic lesions observed and giving the apparent cause death... Working in the process it turns out, when your herd suffers, your ROI suffers too issues have! % of scientists surveyed by the licensee and by the attending veterinarian day... When your herd suffers, your ROI suffers too result in destruction of economies based on these products marine.... Must be attached in an easily accessible manner to the outside of the book, Nol,. ( Sect.2.76 ( a ) ( 1 ) - ( 4 ) ) the field of welfare... 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