The ship had been torpedoed by U-57 and abandoned. The ships used barrels for ballast to prevent them sinking. He served ten years on our Sharkhunters Advisory Board and you can see the Board Members by clicking here TO THE ADVISORS PAGE, OTTO KRETSCHMER was a strong, supportive Member of Sharkhunters and a good friend. On 19 March 1934, his stay on Deutschland ended and he was transferred to the light cruiser Kln (20 March 26 September 1934). His I.W.O. He hand signed some of our very rare fine art prints. One morning on the breakfast patio at the KRETSCHMER home, OTTO was reading his newspaper while Mrs. Kretschmer and COOPER talked over breakfast tea. [9] Kretschmer joined the U-boat service in January 1936. On 1 June 1965, he was promoted to Flottillenadmiral (flotilla admiral/Commodore/Rear Admiral), a rank which he initially held on probation. With no time to return to the hatch, Kretschmer clung on to the periscope and waved at it frantically, hoping to be spotted. Laurentic of 18.724 brt and H.M.S. One signalman sent a message to the escorts "we are sinking" and the firing stopped. [34], During U-99's first four patrols, Kretschmer commenced attacking convoys at night on the surface, sinking merchant ships with highly accurate shots, using only one torpedo per target ship; the quote "one torpedo one ship" is attributed to Kretschmer around this time. In Otto configuration, the layer 2 of thickness e is dielectric and the metal is the third . Kretschmer was soon missed and the U-boat surfaced to find him before he succumbed to the cold. After sinking the Magog, he gave his crew brandy as a reward. Almost every U-Boat had one or more emblems PAINTED on their conning tower fairweather. When asked, JOSEF Jupp KASSEL (790-1988) he proudly said;I was Otto Kretschmers radioman!. Kretschmer achieved good results in mathematics and chemistry and passed his Abitur (school-leaving certificate) at 17. A young RN ensign was removing the binoculars from around KRETSCHMERs neck when MacIntyre yelled down that those were now his binoculars as a prize of war, so the young ensign brought them to the bridge. He very nearly drowned as, in the icy water, he no longer had the strength to climb up himself, only for a British sailor to clamber down and rescue him from the ocean. The OKM was established as the supreme command of the navy responsible for all facets of naval warfare. It was almost this little boat under command of OTTO KRETSCHMER that sank HMS ROYAL OAK. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. His whole demeanour was calm and quiet, and he seemed anxious to be friendly; he was also less suspicious of British Officers than was his First Lieutenant. [79], In 1943, the German navy tried to rescue him in Operation Kiebitz but that daring plan (later dramatized in the novel The Bowmanville Break and the film, The McKenzie Break) failed. He spoke English quite well, though he lacked practice. COOPER said that this was one of the warmest compliments he had ever received. A Short Sunderland appeared briefly, and Kretschmer was forced to accomplish the destruction of the ship with torpedoes, submerged. Restore content access for purchases made as guest, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health, 48 hours access to article PDF & online version, Choose from packages of 10, 20, and 30 tokens, Can use on articles across multiple libraries & subject collections. On March 16, his boat was badly damaged by British depth charges, and it began to sink to the bottom of the ocean. The next day, Kretschmer was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class (Eisernes Kreuz zweiter Klasse). All Rights Reserved. Why? U-99 attacked the armed merchant cruisers HMS Laurentic and HMS Patroclus. Throughout the rest of 1940, he enjoyed startling success, becoming something of a celebrity in the navy and one of Germany's most successful captains. Otto Kretschmer Fregattenkapitn ( Crew 30) U-boat Commands Kptlt. The ships were protected by an escort group of two destroyers, Wolverine and Verity, and two corvettes, Arbutus and Camellia. "[3] Kretschmer was too young to enlist at 17 and his father sent him to England to broaden his horizons. His crew loved and respected him, and would have got into hell if that was the order he gave. Prien and Kretschmer, along with U-70 (Matz) and UA, attacked the convoy. [37] After sinking Magogthe submarine's first victimKretschmer gave the crew a bottle of brandy and directions to Ireland. All 33 men aboard died. Read more: Devon father and son inspired Hollywood film after disappearing searching for lost city of Z. The presentation was made by Dnitz following his return to Lorient. 12 ships were sunk in total. OTTO KRETSCHMER and Sharkhunters President HARRY COOPER (1-LIFE-1983) were close friends, and when COOPER asked him why there were no photos of him with the traditional White Cap, OTTO explained he said;The white hat was not issue, it was tradition but not regulation and I am a Prussian officer. It was not this way with U-99. He sank four ships and damaged three. After completing his officer training and time on the training ship Niobe he served . Browse 597 otto kretschmer stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. We use cookies to improve your website experience. Kretschmer travelled the world as he rose up through the ranks, before joining the U-boat service in 1936. He continued to serve as Watch Officer of U-35 until 30 September 1937. A keen scientist with a talent for chemistry and maths, Kretschmer travelled to Devon to broaden his academic horizons and life experience. Otto Kretschmer was only in combat from September 1939 until March 1941 but was Germany's highest-scoring U-boat commander, sinking 47 ships totaling 274,333 tons. Keep me logged in. Or by navigating to the user icon in the top right. The crew felt that this would bring them good luck so they cleaned the horseshoe, painted it gold and screwed it to the fairweather as we see in the photo to the right. Kretschmer ordered his U-boat to be turned around, and they rescued the lone sailor. He was upset, but he was a proper officer and obeyed his orders. Death and burial ground of Kretschmer, Otto Wilhelm August "Silent Otto". You can stay up to date on the top news and events near you with DevonLive's FREE newsletters enter your email address at the top of the page or go here. In later years, Kretschmer was often interviewed for television and radio programmes - including an appearing in the landmark British 1974 documentary series The World at War. The Norwegian Varild 1,085GRT was sunk east of the Shetland Islands. [9], In 1933 Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power. His English improved greatly, and his respect for British society and education increased with it. In addition, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern) on 26 December 1941. OTTO and his wife were already in the dining room. During the Spanish Civil War, Kretschmer was involved in several patrols as part of the international non-intervention force. "Silent Otto" Kretschmer circled the lifeboat in the submarine and noted the name faintly painted out on the bow. His particularly brazen and risky innovation was to execute these night surface attacks inside the convoy. This definitive work details his personal story and the political backdrop from his earliest days. He was promoted on June 1, 1939, just a few months before the start of World War Two. OTTO KRETSCHMER made only seven Feindfahrt in World War Two but his daily average tonnage was equal to that of de la Perrier. [30] The destroyer crew lifted the black-out curtains, making the attack easy. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. Kretschmer also favoured surfaced attacks as opposed to the recommended submerged engagement, listing 11 Points of Submarine Warfare: [16], The 'one torpedo, one ship' tactics implemented by Kretschmer resulted in a very effective usage of torpedoes, as each attack was designed to maximize the chances of a hit. [53] In December Kretschmer tried to intercept Convoy HX 90 but encountered only stragglers. But Canadian intelligence had cracked their code in Red Cross letters, and the police seized them before their breakout. The air crews sank eight and damaged several more. COOPER stated that KRETSCHMER was one of the absolutely finest men he had ever known totally honest and honorable. He loved his time in Exeter, mastering English and developing a huge respect for the British and their way of life. She was launched on 12 March 1940 under the command of Korvettenkapitn Otto Kretschmer and was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla based in Kiel and later in St Nazaire . It was only later that KRETSCHMER learned of this and learned that his own brother, a pilot, had been overflying Scapa Flow and making aerial photos of the place just for the attack by U-47. Chivalry was still at work at this time and former enemies who had been killing each other the previous day could play cards together. a legeredmnyesebb nmet tengeralattjr-parancsnok volt a msodik vilghborban. He warned Schroeder that the boat was nearly at neutral buoyancy and was riding on the vents so he should open the valves slowly and carefully. He then attended a training course (16 October 1957 28 February 1958) for amphibious forces in the United States. From September 1939 to March 1941, Germany's Otto Kretschmer terrorised Allied shipping on the high seas. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War . On 4 October 1939 he sank the coastal ship Glen Farg (876GRT). Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. Nazi Admiral Otto Kretschmer was responsible for the sinking of 47 vessels in the space of just 18 months His short but prolific spell on German U-boats accounted for the sinking of 273,043 tons. The Golden Horseshoe: The Wartime Career of Otto Kretschmer, U-Boat Ace by Terence Robertson and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. He was eventually promoted to the rank of flotilla admiral, before becoming chief-of-staff of the NATO command. Otto Kretschmer was only in combat from September 1939 until March 1941 but was Germany's highest-scoring U-boat commander, sinking 47 ships totaling 274,333 tons. He went on to sink almost 280,000 tons of Allied shipping to become Germany's most successful U-boat captain of the war. His wife was so devastated that she just gave up and died two years later, almost to the day. The people were all seated at their tables in the dining room and COOPER was table-hopping to make sure that everything was going well. Admiral Sir George Creasy considered the manoeuvre so dangerous he thought it had been done by mistake. Kretschmer experienced He then caused havoc in the rest of the convoy, winning him the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. [63] On 7 March Kretschmer sank two ships from the convoy including the 20,638GRT Terje Viken. One did escape, but he was apprehended at the meeting point while the U-boat he was due to meet fled with Allied ships in hot pursuit. [59], On 22 February 1941 U-99 left Lorient for the final time. The seaman did as he was ordered and brought the cap back to OTTO. The crew were permitted ashore at the resort town of San Sebastin. "On seeing the craters of a stick of bombs near Buckingham Palace he was genuinely shocked that an attempt had so obviously been made by his countrymen to bomb the Palace. The boat went to the yard for repairs and. At the time, Kretschmer was president of the Deutscher Marinebund, a member club of the International Maritime Confederation. Schnee had the con and OTTO was in his bunk. I am sunking. Yep Sunking is the word he used. This third patrol on U-99, took the boat into the North Atlantic, into the North Channel and west of Ireland. "He admitted that he had become weary of the war some time ago, and latterly had got no satisfaction from sinking ship after ship.". For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. Kretschmer sank all but one of the ships lost by the convoy. [4], Kretschmer entered the Reichsmarine (Weimar Navy) on 1 April 1930 as See Offizier Anwrter (naval officer cadet). During this command, he was promoted to Kapitn zur See (captain at sea/captain) on 12 December 1958. Many thanks to Valeria Basso, Alessio Basso and Francesco Signorino for helping in the retrieval of a few rare archival sources, and for stimulating discussions. Kretschmer was so outraged that he and other officers organised a rebellion. Six months later, on 15 December, he officially became Flottillenadmiral. On seeing the craters of a stick of bombs near Buckingham Palace he was genuinely shocked that an attempt had so obviously been made by his countrymen to bomb the Palace. [28] Kretschmer returned to Wilhelmshaven on 15 January. He joined the German navy - the Reichsmarine - on April 1, 1930, as an officer candidate. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. An illegal "Court of Honour" was convened and headed by Kretschmer. 8x40 model no. In 1943, the men dug a tunnel out of the camp ahead of an 870-mile journey across Canada to New Brunswick. The ship was accompanied by three other vessels, but she was darkened and the black out aroused Kretschmer's suspicions. [41] A notable failure on the patrol occurred in the interception of HMS Manistee. [20] On his fifth patrol (515 December) he was ordered to explore the inner waters around the Orkney Islands and engage any remaining Home Fleet units that had departed from Scapa Flow in the aftermath of Gnther Prien's attack. Geleitgeschwader (1st Escort Squadron) which he commanded from 3 January to 15 October 1957. At the time, Kretschmer . Remember that on the surface it is easier for you to spot the enemy than for the enemy to spot you, Dive only for two hours before dawn each day, to rest the crew, sweep with sound detection equipment, etc. Kretschmer was also involved in the Battle of Bowmanville. Rahmlow and his second-in-command, Bernhard Berndt, were found "guilty of cowardice"; the other two officers were "acquitted". Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. When war broke out, Kretschmer was on U-23, a short-range submarine which could not operate as far as the Atlantic, so had to stay in the North Sea. The boat went to the yard for repairs and OTTO left no doubt that he wanted his boat and his crew back at sea in the shortest possible time. , 4,996GRT, was sunk on 22 February. Serving on a U-boat was a very dangerous task, and one that many did not want. [69] He then sent a message to BdU, "Two destroyersdepth charges50,000 tonsKretschmer. [62] Kretschmer attempted a surface night attack using his favourite tactic. Kretschmer indulged in sporting pastimes and scientific interests. The boat returned to Wilhelmshaven on 4 September. Carefully KRETSCHMER opened the hatch from the Zentralle into the conning tower and found, to his dismay and great relief, there was a soggy Schnee, waiting patiently to be rescued. This is a trusted computer. His first operational posting was to the 2nd U-Flotillas Type VII U35 where he survived almost being drowned during training in the Baltic Sea. [25] The Norwegian Fredville, only 1,150GRT was sunk on 11 January 1940 without warning. From September 1939 until his capture in March 1941 he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. Note that the crew is all wearing fresh coveralls and beards neatly trimmed. [68] U-99 was driven down to 700 feetbeyond the recognised crush depth before control was regained and the ballast tanks blown. [29] U-23 returned to port on 29 January. [61] As with the group that eventually sank Kretschmer ten days later, they were experienced and competent. From September 1939 until his surrender in March 1941, he sank 47 ships, a total of 274,333 tons. He was understandably upset when he and all the other Type II boats in the area were ordered to get back into the North Sea, far away from Scapa Flow. [69] Kretschmer surfaced and, under fire from the British vessels, scuttled his boat. [65] British reports of the action mention a large red glow appearing deep below the surface amid the depth charge explosions. A single torpedo was fired, then Kretschmer ordered a u-turn and sped away on the surface; the destroyers neither sighted him nor detected him with ASDIC. OTTO peered over the top of his newspaper and said;Juli is happy. The report contained the remark, "Kretschmer demonstrated his extraordinary courage in many instances. He then ordered the merchant Skipper to put everyone back aboard then gave him a course to steer for one of the German bases on the French coast, and ordered the merchant Skipper to surrender the ship to the harbor authorities there. Such were his expertise, he re-joined the navy in 1955. [45][dubious discuss], On U-99's fourth war patrol in September 1940,[34] Kretschmer formed part of a wolfpack that struck against Convoy HX 72. So how was it that he was sunk? From September 1939 until being captured in March 1941, he sank 47 ships, a total of 274,333 tons. Laurentic and Patroclus were attacked on the night of 3/4 November. OTTO and his L.I. She told COOPER that he was such a fine man that she knew there would never be another like him. On 1 November 1958, he was transferred to the position of commander of the Bundesmarine's Amphibische Streitkrfte ("amphibious forces"), a position he held until 15 January 1962. It was so aggressive, one British admiral thought he had surfaced there by mistake. Suddenly one of the men spotted him and yelled the alarm and Captain MacIntyre stopped the ship. Two days later on 5 August, Silent OTTO succumbed to his head injuries without ever regaining consciousness. He dispensed with the standard practice of firing salvoes of torpedoes from long distances. The German crew failed to sink the stationary vessel with torpedoes while the weather ruled out the use of the gun. [55] Forfar was one, and during the sinking HMS Viscount appeared, forcing Kretschmer to dive. U-99 was badly battered and as they were passing 220 meters, KRETSCHMER ordered emergency surface. Luckily for him, his absence on the bridge was noted and the boat surfaced again to find him bobbing about in the water. OTTOs New Boat, the Type VII-B boat U-99. [21] He returned to Kiel, rather than Wilhelmshaven, on 16 October. The Emden made stops in Ceylon, the Philippines, China and Japan; then Guam, South Africa, Angola and Spain on the return journey. [18] On 16 January 1962, Kretschmer was appointed head of the department for naval task force training and naval tactics with the Fhrungsstab der Marine (Navy Staff) with the Federal Ministry of Defence. That boat is seen to the left on a barge going down the Donau River for Costanza, Rumania on the Black Sea coast to operate against Soviet forces under other Skippers including RUDOLF ARENDT (7563-2011). Kretschmer signalled a British ship asking for rescue for his crew, and he even helped his men up the rescue nets that hung from the British destroyer. We will cover his accomplishments on another page. Kretschmer formed part of "Crew 30" (the incoming class of 1930), 78strong intake of officer candidates. He admitted that he had become weary of the war some time ago, and latterly had got no satisfaction from sinking ship after ship. As the passengers got into the lifeboats, OTTO noticed a great number of women and children. I was a lieutenant on U-35, in the second submarine flotilla, and together with U . Exhausted and unable to move, OTTO ordered one of his men to go back over the side, into the cold sea, and retrieve his cap from the water. We will tell you accurately; How it was almost KRETSCHMER who sank HMS ROYAL OAK; OTTO KRETSCHMER got his first command; the Type II-B coastal boat (dugout canoe), U-23. [42], Four days later Kretschmer began his eleventh patrol which concluded on 5 August. Kretschmer's strength was evidently failing in the cold ocean; his own rescue was at the hands of a British sailor who climbed down the nets and plucked him from the water. [51] Kretschmer was awarded the 6th Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) on 4 November 1940. The Greatest Submarine Commander of all time was Lothar von Arnaud de la Perrier who sank nearly 200 ships in World War One. [71] Winston Churchill disclosed the capture of Kretschmer to the House of Commons on 21 March. [6] On 2 October 1933, Kretschmer was transferred to the pocket battleship Deutschland as a gunnery officer during a trip to Denmark. Later that year, he had a lucky escape which almost cost him his life. On 26 September 1935, he was transferred to the 1st department of the standing ship division of the North Sea in Wilhelmshaven where he served as a company officer until 25 January 1936. 1999-2020 Sharkhunters International. COOPER grinned and said;Lets ask this gentleman here. From September 1939 to March 1941, Germany's Otto Kretschmer terrorised Allied shipping on the high seas. Incredibly though, this war hero, who was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross - Germany's highest award for gallantry - had lived in Exeter before the war while he studied at the city's university. Ezzel a teljestmnyvel kirdemelte a Tlgyfalombokkal s kardokkal . They were both sunk within seven hours, during which the U-boat fired ten torpedoes and four rounds from the deck gun, while the vessels returned fire without damaging the U-boat. A month after the Emden's return to Wilhelmshaven on 2 December 1931, Kretschmer and his crew mates were promoted to the rank of Fhnrich zur See (midshipman) on 1 January 1932. His first patrol, with Oberleutnant zur See Adalbert Schnee as first watch officer, took U-23 into the North Sea and along the coast of the Netherlands. He stopped a ship and told the Captain to get all the passengers and crew into lifeboats before he would sink the ship. Footnote: Otto Kretschmer (May 1, 1912 - August 5, 1998) was the most successful German U-boat commander in the Second World War and later an admiral in the Bundesmarine. On 1 October 1937, Kretschmer took command of U-23. They all got along perfectly, and MacIntyre told KRETSCHMER that these were the only truly good bridge games hed had during the war. His whole demeanour was calm and quiet, and he seemed anxious to be friendly; he was also less suspicious of British officers than was his First Lieutenant. They provided clothes and alcohol, then transferred him to a lifeboat at the first opportunity. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: One Torpedo, One Ship: An appraisal of Otto Kretschmers U-boat tactics, 19391941, /doi/full/10.1080/00253359.2021.1898209?needAccess=true. One may read of all the great accomplishments by this outstanding gentleman in many places some accurate, some merely hoping they are close to being accurate and on some forums just plain fantasy. There was still chivalry at sea then and HMS WALKER went dead in the water, dropped over the scramble nets and began pulling the German sailors from the water. Kretschmer demonstrated his extraordinary courage in many instances Cross letters, and the. Favourite tactic to Otto of Commons on 21 March, `` two destroyersdepth charges50,000 tonsKretschmer rahmlow and his sent! In several patrols as part of `` crew 30 ) U-boat Commands Kptlt died two later. 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