Born in 1867 in Hanley, Staffordshire (part of the famous 'Potteries' and now a district of Stoke-on-Trent), Enoch Arnold Bennett was named after his father, a solicitor. Therefore, the answer to your question is no, we do not commemorate Benedict Arnold. [103], Washington remained calm when he was presented with evidence of Arnold's treason. They issued him a colonel's commission on May 3, 1775, and he immediately rode off to Castleton in the disputed New Hampshire Grants (Vermont) in time to participate with Ethan Allen and his men in the capture of Fort Ticonderoga. Wikipedia Sign up to our newsletter. Arnold's role in the war was controversial, with some supporting his actions and others supporting the Patriots. Sage's gravestone indicates that he was born on April 14, 14, 1786, a date roughly confirmed by Arnold's will, which stated that Sage was 14 when Arnold wrote it in 1800. Wallace, Willard M. "Benedict Arnold: Traitorous Patriot." The Hudson River Chain today What happened to Benedict Arnold after he betrayed the Continental Army to the British? These letters were delivered by Samuel Wallis, another Philadelphia businessman who spied for the British, rather than by Stansbury. Soon after Ticonderoga, Arnold brought his men on a dangerous trek through the . [75], Arnold's court martial on charges of profiteering began meeting on June 1, 1779, but it was delayed until December 1779 by Clinton's capture of Stony Point, New York, throwing the army into a flurry of activity to react. Peggy Shippen had barely turned eighteen when in June of 1778, following the evacuation of Philadelphia by a British army, Major General Benedict . His action at Ridgefield, coupled with the death of Wooster due to wounds sustained in the action, resulted in his promotion to major general, although his seniority was not restored over those who had been promoted before him. After the war, he petitioned to have Vermont become a state. [42] Amid negotiations over that issue, Arnold wrote out a letter of resignation on July 11, the same day that word arrived in Philadelphia that Fort Ticonderoga had fallen to the British. However, his betrayal overshadowed his accomplishments in the wars he fought and won. Arnold commanded the army only until May 20, when Lord Cornwallis arrived with the southern army and took over. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [98], Arnold learned of Andr's capture the morning of September 24 while waiting for Washington, with whom he was going to have breakfast at his headquarters in British Col. Beverley Robinson's former summer house on the east bank of the Hudson. (Benedict Cumberbatch doesn't count; he's British.) He would be an apprentice in the mercantile trade for seven years. John Andr was executed for spying. Arnold was made a brigadier general in the British army. On July 12, he wrote again, making explicit the offer to surrender West Point, although his price rose to 20,000[b] (in addition to indemnification for his losses), with a 1,000[b] down payment to be delivered with the response. The most famous of these occurred on May 10, 1775, when Ethan Allen and his band of Green Mountain Boys, accompanied by Benedict Arnold, who held a commission from . Again he tried to resign, but in July he accepted a government order to help stem the British advance into upper New York. Benedict Arnold is an American Revolutionary War General who is known for being the best American Strategist during the war. Benedict Arnold was born a British subject, the second of six children of his father Benedict Arnold III (16831761) and Hannah Waterman King in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. Various translations of Sun Tzu's The Art of War have been published over the past century. Arnold never received all of the 20,000 pounds he was promised by the British for becoming a traitor. [54] Such schemes were not uncommon among American officers, but Arnold's schemes were sometimes frustrated by powerful local politicians such as Joseph Reed, who eventually amassed enough evidence to publicly air charges against him. Andr then drafted instructions to Stansbury and Arnold. Four days later, Arnold sent a ciphered letter with similar content into New York through the services of the wife of a prisoner of war. For additional information about Arnold's amazing career as a Continental officer, consult James Kirby Martin, Benedict Arnold, Revolutionary Hero: An American Warrior Reconsidered (New York, 1997). 5. However, British casualties were high; nearly one quarter of the force was killed or wounded, and Clinton declared that he could ill afford any more such victories. Arnold established himself in business in 1762 as a pharmacist and bookseller in New Haven, Connecticut, with the help of the Lathrops. Arnold's name had become synonymous with the word traitor. After organizing an assemblage of volunteers, he seized munitions from the New Haven arsenal and led his group northward to fight the British. His mother came from a wealthy family, but his alcoholic father squandered their estate. Washington Irving used it as part of an argument against dismemberment of the union in his 1857 Life of George Washington, pointing out that the unity of New England and the southern states which led to independence was made possible in part by holding West Point. [118] The family moved to Saint John in 1787, where Arnold created an uproar with a series of bad business deals and petty lawsuits. Unable to obtain a regular commission in the British army after the war, Arnold pursued various business ventures like land speculation and privateering before permanently settling in London. You may think it was odd that parents would name their newborn . He also provided information on a proposed French-American invasion of Quebec that was to go up the Connecticut River (Arnold did not know that this proposed invasion was a ruse intended to divert British resources). Updates? Brown was particularly vicious, publishing a handbill which claimed of Arnold, "Money is this man's God, and to get enough of it he would sacrifice his country". Arnold had the power to act, to defy the stresses of business and the dangers of the battlefield; but Peggy had the power to endure. Benedict Arnold was born on Jan. 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut. Benedict Arnold was named brigadier general by the British government and sent on raids to . A historical marker in Danvers, Massachusetts commemorates Benedict Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec Bayley Seton Hospital in the Clifton section of Staten Island was named in part for Richard Bayley, father of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton [77] Arnold worked over the next few months to publicize this fact; however, Washington published a formal rebuke of his behavior in early April, just one week after he had congratulated Arnold on the birth of his son Edward Shippen Arnold on March 19:[78], The Commander-in-Chief would have been much happier in an occasion of bestowing commendations on an officer who had rendered such distinguished services to his country as Major General Arnold; but in the present case, a sense of duty and a regard to candor oblige him to declare that he considers his conduct [in the convicted actions] as imprudent and improper. Benedict Arnold's name is synonymous with the word traitor. This was the last straw. Far fewer know . After Benedict Arnold betrayed the Continental Army, his British contact, Major John Andr, was captured by the Americans and hanged as a spy while Arnold escaped on a British ship. [86], Arnold's command at West Point also gave him authority over the entire American-controlled Hudson River, from Albany down to the British lines outside New York City. Benedict Arnold, shown on the left concealing his plans in John Andr's boot, has become synonymous with treason but before he betrayed America, he saved it. [35], During these actions, Arnold made a number of friends and a larger number of enemies within the army power structure and in Congress. How did Benedict Arnold betray the Continental Army to the British? Before anyone spouts off about me being a 'libtard' I am a conservative. attended Canterbury for a while, but when the family's money was lost in some bad business dealings, he had to leave school. Answer (1 of 54): Go up to most British people and ask who Benedict Arnold was, and you will get a resounding "who?" back. Washington refused his offer to resign, and wrote to members of Congress in an attempt to correct this, noting that "two or three other very good officers" might be lost if they persisted in making politically motivated promotions. [40] In February 1777, he learned that he had been passed over by Congress for promotion to major general. [22], The Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765 severely curtailed mercantile trade in the colonies. On June 16, Arnold inspected West Point while on his way home to Connecticut to take care of personal business, and he sent a highly detailed report through the secret channel. Arnold eventually moved to England where he became a merchant. Benedict Arnold was born in 1741 to a prominent Connecticut family. He did, however, investigate its extent, and suggested that he was willing to exchange Andr for Arnold during negotiations with Clinton concerning Andr's fate. The British promised 20,000[b] for the capture of West Point, a major American stronghold; Washington greatly admired Arnold and gave him command of that fort in July 1780. I used the widely accepted 1910 translation by the sinologist Lionel Giles, available in various . He marched with 700 men by way of the Maine wilderness, a remarkable feat of woodsmanship and endurance, and, reinforced by Gen. Richard Montgomery, attacked the well-fortified city. He was the second of the couple's six children. [citation needed]. [79], Shortly after Washington's rebuke, a Congressional inquiry into Arnold's expenditures concluded that he had failed to account fully for his expenditures incurred during the Quebec invasion, and that he owed the Congress some 1,000,[b] largely because he was unable to document them. While this is the case, no power in this country could suddenly place you in the situation you aim at under the East India Company. Historians have several theories about why Arnold became a traitor: greed; mounting debt; resentment of other officers; a hatred of the Continental Congress; and a desire for the colonies to remain under British rule. [84], Arnold next wrote a series of letters to Clinton, even before he might have expected a response to the July 7 letter. [22] In a strange twist of fate, "the second most hated British . Background. Arnold said that it would have been better had it been in the chest instead of the leg. [107], The pursuing American army included the Marquis de Lafayette, who was under orders from Washington to hang Arnold summarily if he was captured. A figure climbed down from the larger sloop, into the boat and quietly made his way up the Hudson River. 0:00. The fourth niche is pointedly empty. [123], In January 1801, Arnold's health began to decline. Phillips led further raids across Virginia, including a defeat of Baron von Steuben at Petersburg, but he died of fever on May 12, 1781. May God forgive me for ever having put on another,"[125] but this story may be apocryphal. As a teenager, Arnold's family faced financial hardship. His subordinates, some long-time associates, grumbled about Arnold's unnecessary distribution of supplies and eventually concluded that he was selling them on the black market for personal gain. In 1775, when the war began, he was a merchant operating ships in the Atlantic Ocean. [128][d], Benedict Arnold's name became synonymous with "traitor" soon after his betrayal became public, and biblical themes were often invoked. Understand why Benedict Arnold spied for the British during the American Revolutionary War. Answer (1 of 2): In the United States, Benedict Arnold has the dubious distinction of being one of the primary figures responsible for the Revolutionary War's losing cause. [29] She is buried in the crypt of the Center Church on New Haven Green. Arnold resented this affront, and only Washingtons personal persuasion kept him from resigning. Arnold benefited from his relationship with Mansfield, who became a partner in his business and used his position as sheriff to shield him from creditors. The second was Benedict Arnold. Peggy came from a loyalist family in Philadelphia; she had many ties to the British. Through his maternal grandmother, Arnold was a descendant of John Lothropp, an ancestor of six presidents. But the brash war herohe helped take Fort Ticonderoga and led troops. [103] He had suffered from gout since 1775,[124] and the condition attacked his unwounded leg to the point where he was unable to go to sea. Before his betrayal Benedict Arnold was a legitimate hero and a competent officer. In the winter of 1782, he and Peggy moved to London, England. General Parsons laid it aside, seeing a letter written as a coded business discussion. Interesting Facts About Benedict Arnold. His performance in the Battle of Ridgefield in Connecticut prompted his promotion to major general. After formal inquiries, he was usually acquitted, but Congress investigated his finances and determined that he was indebted to Congress, and that he had borrowed money heavily to maintain a lavish lifestyle. The absent name is Benedict Arnold, a name now synonymous with "traitor." Many Americans understand why his name has been erased from the chapel of the garrison he once commanded. Arnold mingled with Loyalist sympathizers in Philadelphia and married into a Loyalist family when he wedded Peggy Shippen. It is impossible to say when 37-year-old Benedict Arnold first met 18-year-old Peggy Shippen, but we do know that on September 25, 1778, he wrote her a love lettermuch of it an exact copy of . [136], Fictional invocations of Benedict Arnold's name carry strongly negative overtones. Some could even argue that, patriotism aside, it might have seemed insane for him not to turn traitor. She couldand did. Unable to obtain a regular commission in the British army, he later pursued various business ventures, including land speculation in Canada. Despite Arnold's defection to the British, he was a fierce patriot for . Benedict died of natural causes, maybe a fever. "No," he replied, and after a few moments of silence, noticing my surprise, he added, "I am perhaps the only American who cannot give you letters for his own country all the relations I had there are now broken I must never return to the States." Because of the constant agony of two battlefield wounds in an already gout-ridden leg? What does it mean to call someone a Benedict Arnold? A Connecticut militia force arrived at Ticonderoga in June; Arnold had a dispute with its commander over control of the fort, and resigned his Massachusetts commission. [59] Shippen and her circle of friends had found methods of staying in contact with paramours across the battle lines, despite military bans on communication with the enemy. Clinton was uninterested in most of his aggressive ideas, but finally authorized him to raid the port of New London, Connecticut. [80] Many of these documents had been lost during the retreat from Quebec. Arnold became a shrewd and prosperous trader in New Haven while also joining the local militia in 1774 and being named its captain soon thereafter. It just doesn't respect it", "Letter, Benedict Arnold to George Washington pleading for mercy for his wife", "Benedict Arnold: The Aftermath of Treason", "Saratoga National Historical Park Activities", "Saratoga National Historical Park Tour Stop 7", links to primary sources about Benedict Arnold before and after his treason, Arnold, Benedict (17411801), army officer | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness, Washington's crossing of the Delaware River, African Americans in the Revolutionary War, Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benedict_Arnold&oldid=1139478021, 18th-century American non-fiction writers, American expatriates in the United Kingdom, British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War, British people of the French Revolutionary Wars, British spies during the American Revolution, Businesspeople from New Haven, Connecticut, Connecticut militiamen in the American Revolution, Continental Army officers from Connecticut, Continental Army personnel who were court-martialed, Military personnel from Norwich, Connecticut, People of Connecticut in the French and Indian War, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, All articles with broken links to citations, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Benedict Arnold (17681795) (Captain, British Army in Jamaica), Henry Arnold (17721826) (Lieutenant, American Legion cavalry), Edward Shippen Arnold (17801813) (Lieutenant, British Army in India; see, James Robertson Arnold (17811854) (Lieutenant General, Royal Engineers), George Arnold (17871828) (Lieutenant Colonel, 2nd (or 7th) Bengal Cavalry). Apparently, Arnold also had self-confidence issues and his new wife Peggy wasn't helping the situation. Arnold arrived in New Brunswick in December 1785, so Sage's mother could not have been from there. His health simply declined, partly as a result of his war wounds, partly as a result of what used to be called dropsy edema, the dramatic retention of fluid in limbs. Benjamin Franklin wrote that "Judas sold only one man, Arnold three millions", and Alexander Scammell described his actions as "black as hell". In the United States, the name of Benedict Arnold is synonymous with treason. He wrote that he was "very much shocked" and wondered "good God, are the Americans all asleep and tamely giving up their liberties, or are they all turned philosophers, that they don't take immediate vengeance on such miscreants? [88], On August 30, Arnold sent a letter accepting Clinton's terms and proposing a meeting to Andr through yet another intermediary: William Heron, a member of the Connecticut Assembly whom he thought he could trust. Bettmann / Corbis "You have five. [135] Jefferson Davis and other southern secessionist leaders were unfavorably compared to Arnold, implicitly and explicitly likening the idea of secession to treason. [113] Other attempts all failed to gain positions within the government or the British East India Company over the next few years, and he was forced to subsist on the reduced pay of non-wartime service. [11], In 1755, Arnold was attracted by the sound of a drummer and attempted to enlist in the provincial militia for service in the French and Indian War, but his mother refused permission. Especially galling was a long feud with the civil authorities in Philadelphia which led to his court-martial. Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticutthe fifth person in his family to be named Benedict Arnold. [94], Andr was captured near Tarrytown, New York, on Saturday, September 23, by three Westchester militiamen. Although he was unsuccessful, his attempt to betray George Washington and his American forces . He could not cope with failure and disgrace. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Benedict Arnold's reasons for betraying America were extraordinarily complex. One colonel wrote to Clinton concerning Arnold: "There are many officers who must wish some other general in command. The America. 1.Saint Benedict was a teenager when he became a monk. [137] A moralistic children's tale entitled "The Cruel Boy" was widely circulated in the 19th century. Corrections? Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. Arnold was aware of his reputation in his home country, and French statesman Talleyrand described meeting him in Falmouth, Cornwall in 1794: The innkeeper at whose place I had my meals informed me that one of his lodgers was an American general. [63][64], Arnold had an extremely ambitious and jealous personality. Upon the outbreak of hostilities at Lexington, Massachusetts (April 1775), Arnold volunteered for service and participated with Ethan Allen in the successful colonial attack on British-held Fort Ticonderoga, New York, the following month. [72] Clinton was pursuing a campaign to gain control of the Hudson River Valley, and was interested in plans and information on the defenses of West Point and other defenses on the Hudson River. During the Revolutionary War, West Point was known as Fort Arnold, but after Benedict Arnold's betrayal, it became known as Fort Clinton. His ventures met with mixed success. general, has a name that's become synonymous with deceit and. In the House of Commons, Edmund Burke expressed the hope that the government would not put Arnold "at the head of a part of a British army" lest "the sentiments of true honour, which every British officer [holds] dearer than life, should be afflicted". Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. Arnold remained there until July 1781 and then returned to New York. Scholastica, the founder of the Benedictine sisters, was Benedict's sister. Washington refused his resignation and ordered him north to assist with the defense there. But despite all the financial and political reasons he had for his betrayal, it's possible it was actually about love. Benedict Arnold In exchange for cash and a commission in the British army, Major General Arnold promised to betray his cause and hand over the American fort at West Point. For his services he was restored to his proper relative rank. General Washington gave him a light reprimand, but it merely heightened Arnold's sense of betrayal; nonetheless, he had already opened negotiations with the British before his court martial even began. [21] However, it is unknown whether this encounter actually happened or not. [50] There he participated in the first recorded Oath of Allegiance, along with many other soldiers, as a sign of loyalty to the United States.[51]. "Whom Can We Trust Now? [130] In Arnold's home town of Norwich, Connecticut, someone scrawled "the traitor" next to his record of birth at city hall, and all of his family's gravestones have been destroyed except his mother's.[131]. [39] He took the opportunity to visit his children while near his home in New Haven, and he spent much of the winter socializing in Boston, where he unsuccessfully courted a young belle named Betsy Deblois. [19][20] The captain was wounded in the first exchange of gunfire, and he apologized when Arnold threatened to aim to kill on the second. Excited by the prospects, Clinton informed his superiors of his intelligence coup, but failed to respond to Arnold's July 7 letter. In December 1780, Arnold was given command of British forces sent to raid Virginia. Benedict Arnold's name might be the first that comes to mind when we think of treason not just because he was a traitor, but because he was such an unlikely one. Andr was captured the next day, near Tarrytown, with those plans tucked inside his boot. An epidemic of yellow fever ravaged Arnold's family in the 1750s, however, claiming three of his . 10 interesting facts about st benedict. Many historians see her as having facilitated Arnold's plans to switch sides; he opened secret negotiations with her friend Andr, and she relayed their messages to each other. Benedict Arnold (14 January 1741 [O.S. Arnold wrote out passes for Andr so that he would be able to pass through the lines, and he also gave him plans for West Point. After the usual exchange of greetings I ventured to request from him some letters of introduction to his friends in America. [3] Some among those in his military and political circles charged him with corruption and other bad acts. [52] Historian John Shy states: Arnold began planning to capitalize financially on the change in power in Philadelphia, even before the Americans reoccupied their city. [140], Canadian historians have treated Arnold as a relatively minor figure. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Benedict Arnold Is America's Most Famous Traitor. One thing that we can set aside is any notion that the dish was named after Benedict Arnold, the Revolutionary War general who became the most famous American traitor in history after he defected to the British army and became a general for the other side, leading troops against those he once commanded. [113] George Johnstone turned him down for a position in the East India Company and explained: "Although I am satisfied with the purity of your conduct, the generality do not think so. On August 15, he received a coded letter from Andr with Clinton's final offer: 20,000[b] and no indemnification for his losses. Arnold returned to England in 1791, but he left to spend several years privateering in the West Indies before permanently settling in London. 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