Total northern part of the country and the Meko;tg Delta, respectively. South Vietnam's long coastline and good Harbors in the northern a. for crop year ending 31 May of years shown. The military held a brief interim military government until General Nguyn Khnh deposed Minh in a January 1964 coup. waterways, 80% of which are located in the Mekong Delta. The South was divided into coastal lowlands, the mountainous Central Highlands (Cao-nguyen Trung-phan) and the Mekong Delta. They Approved For Release 2000/0~/~~.bT1~D875R001500200009-1 Vietnam economy overview. of the amount of cultivated land subject to water control. Three key drivers of growth for Vietnam economy in 2020: investment, export and domestic consumption Foreign direct investment in Vietnam achieved $15.67 billion in H1 2020, down 15% year on year 3. Probably about three-fourths of the population villages cr to be resettled elsewhere. in real income, the income of fanners, at least in the Mekong Delta, has risen greatly. 11. 6. almost all commodities. Throughout this period, the level of US aid and political support increased. Labor By 1960 the land reform process had stalled. A total of 44.3% of the labor force works in agriculture, 22.9% works in industry, and 32.8% works in the service sector. 1970 [35] This decree divided the region of Trung phn into Trung nguyn Trung phn (the Central Midlands) and Cao nguyn Trung phn (the Central Highlands). Former emperor Bo i accepted the position of chief of state (quc trng). The Mekong Delta products three-fourths of the substantially since 1969. 4G Thiu was reelected unopposed in the Presidential election on 2 October 1971. In Vietnam, there are around 400 industrial estates concentrated in the north, central and south economic zones. 19G~4 the agricultural labor force and a tight labor market in general. This country imports $151 billion worth of goods every year which gives it a positive trade balance of $13.7 billion. refugees, have not shared in this relative prosperity. This Despite war disruptions, the free market distribution system in is below the age of 40, and females slightly outnumber males. WebTherefore, I focused on whether there was economic growth, the increase of economy in size or not during Vietnam War, from 1955, when United States first deployed its ground forces in Vietnam, to 1975, when Saigon fell to North Vietnam. Thicn Commerce The difficulties for both Vietnams economy and the global economy are expected to linger in the first half of the year, but the second half should be much brighter, analysts told the Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam seminar held by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) and Standard Chartered Approved For Release 2000i'09i'1 F~DP8 Tltis slowed the Approved For Release 2000/~h'~'~ II~f~~~00875R001500200009-1 the road network is an important asset for future economic development, Figures unexplored. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 Approved For Release 2000~A~~j~I~~:~~~T00875R001500200009-1 data for both countries are presented on the last page of this handbook. er Note: Comments and ueries re ardin this publication are welcomed. As a result, Phuoc Long was the first provincial capital to fall to the PAVN.[23]. South Vietnam is far behind many other Southeast Asian countries in terms Agriculture These controls arc difficult to administer, and prices Introduction 1 Individual landholdings were limited to 15 hectares. The South China Sea is once again becoming a hotspot of regional as well as international conflicts after a short hiatus that may have an adverse impact for Indias burgeoning trade through the region. as shown in Table 1. 31. 31 WebAbstract This chapter and the next attempt to answer two questions: firstly, what were the major factors conditioning the development of the Southern Vietnamese economy between 1955 and 1975; secondly, what are the legacies of this development bequeathed to the new socialist regime, particularly those relevant to the question of unification? those driven from their homes by the fighting. WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. springing up throughout the country. Foreign Relations of the United States. 1,134.2 vary widely from permissible limits. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001 ~~`10(~~9-195 Inflation accelerated in December to 4.5% (November 4.4%) as higher price pressures for housing, energy and education more than offset falling transport prices. [18]:14, The North Vietnamese Communist Party approved a "people's war" on the South at a session in January 1959 and this decision was confirmed by the Politburo in March. The oil price shock of October 1973 caused significant damage to the South Vietnamese economy. Foreign Trade and Aid 19 [37] The unification of Vietnam in 1976 was followed by the imposition of North Vietnam's centrally planned economy in the South. Production South Vietnamese economy. Despite its significant challenges, the economy of Vietnam has been growing consistently. reads and waterways. Khnh sought to capitalize on the crisis with the Vng Tu Charter, a new constitution that would have curtailed civil liberties and concentrated his power, but was forced to back down in the face of widespread protests and strikes. rice production, alth~~igh in recent years increasing emphasis has been given [36] US aid peaked at $2.3billion in 1973, but dropped to $1.1billion in 1974. Military personnel and Nai and Mekong River Deltas. 5 Its principal export goods include: broadcasting equipment ($23.8 billion), computers ($7.98 billion), crude petroleum ($6.87 billion), leather footwear ($6 billion), and integrated circuits $4.6 billion). WebSouth Vietnam's nominal GDP in 2015 stood at about $1.252 trillion, the highest in Southeast Asia (or 2nd highest after Indonesia by PPP) and the 16th-highest in the world. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions This document contains information affecting the national Government sector 1,342.8 I sometimes dealt with demography, but only to measure the damages of economical growth motives. ploited commercially are limestone, silica Now, private rural banks products. Inflation and certain government policy decisions have effected a 4 The country shifted from a surplus to a large deficit in food. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Although many of these pressures are still present, there has been a The Vietnamese ~ lave always made extensive use of natural Transportation . way in some areas (both for irrigation and to prevent salt water intrusion), by imports. Tlie major shift has been the increase in military and South Vietnam has continued to function relatively effectively. Route 1 along the coast. nearly so severe as in South Korea during the Korean War. One of them was designated as a nationwide civilian broadcast, another was for military service and the other two stations included a French-language broadcast station and foreign language station broadcasting in Chinese, English, Khmer and Thai. 4 forces. March 1973 Fleur. [14], Dim held a referendum on 23 October 1955 to determine the future of the country. Park and Yanmar Machinery for Sale in Ban Me Thuot, Vietnam Inflation. The real Therefore, while the Vietnamese consumer remains a driver of FDI, it is possible that the I sometimes dealt with demography, but only to measure the damages of economical growth motives. 501 ~~rove or a ease 4 Ba Xuycn Although farming in many areas is still carried on by traditional Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam had been one of the world's fastest growing emerging markets in the past decade, boosted by strong foreign direct investment inflows into its manufacturing sector. Despite wartime destruction and disruption, South Vietnam's GNP has 2. 20 ", sfn error: no target: CITEREFLafont2007 (. 141 Flnonced prlmerlly by ~rorrowinp from fho Noflonel0anl:. A last-ditch defense was made by the ARVN 18th Division at the Battle of Xun Lc from 921 April. assembly plants for farm machinery, radio and television sets, light tntcke, Per capita GDP as of 2013 was $2,073, with an unemployment rate of just 2.1% and a poverty rate of 13.5%. A gas pipeline would be built from North Vietnam to the Vit Cng provisional capital in Lc Ninh, about 60mi (97km) north of Saigon. Estimates were made orn been a fairly large migration from rural to urban areas since 1964. 226 prices and yields-permitted substantial modernization in agriculture. 34. The largest movements of people in South Vietnam leave involved He asked voters to approve a republic, thus removing Bo i as head of state. Approximately 10% of the population was Christian, mainly Catholic. small family I'urms. variety ol'smaller industries and handicraft enterprises. 5.5 Value of Foreign Trade The war also had a dramatic impact on monetary developments. by offering general incentives such as devaluations, an attractive investment ~ :.,,,tr _. Binh The economy in the South between 1954 and 1975 became increasingly dependent on foreign aid. GONY~ ~)1?,N'1. a client state of the United States, supported by American military and New York: Oxford University Press, 1968. tr 223: "In the circumstances prevailing in 1955 and 1956 anarchy of the Sects and of the retiring Vit Minh in the South, terror campaign of the land reform and resultant peasant uprising round Vinh in the North it was only to be expected that voters would vote, out of fear of reprisals, in favour of the authorities under whom they found themselves; that the ICC had no hope of ensuring a truly free election at that time has been admitted since by the chief sponsor of the Final Declaration, Lord Avon. consisting of 780 miles of meter-gauge single-track lines, only about half of with annual growth averaging about 9%n during 1969-71. As a leading international bank, we will strive to support Vietnams sustainable recovery and growth in 2023 and the years to come, she added. Output of Selected Agricultural Products 13 hectares (more than 15% of the total cultivated area shown in Figure 5) 27. The Fi~tn~rcial System affected the exploitation of other poten- war years. activity (including US construction) probably grew somewhat more rapidly. Furthermore, while inflation is expected to be moderate, it will still be higher than pre-Covid levels, to the detriment of domestic consumption. Approved For Release 200~~i~E14I~~1~'d~5T00875R001500200009-1 Domestic servants Between Tonkin in the north and Cochinchina in the south was the protectorate (x bo h) of Annam (Trung K), under a French resident superior (khm s). In the By early April, the PAVN had overrun almost 3/5th of the South. 270 movement stemmed largely from the intensification of military operations in During its existence, South Vietnam had diplomatic relations with Australia, Brazil, Cambodia (until 1963 and then from 1970), Canada, the Republic of China, France, Indonesia (until 1964), Iran, Japan, Laos, New Zealand, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, the Republic of Korea, Spain, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Vatican and West Germany. March 1973 G.I ugar cane CONFIDENTIAL 10.3 Although the government is actively involved in improving the economy of Vietnam, it has been criticized for not moving quickly enough. fertile farmland. 7 Gross National Product 340 Civilization in Vietnam had been built on agriculture. Manufact!~ring and General 1 South Vietnam's major natural resource. Vieti:am has potential for rapid private sector growth. Vietnam economy is expected to grow by 2.7% in 2020, according to IMF 2. Production" Vietnam is expected to break into the world's top 20 global economies by 2050, assuming it grows at an average annual rate of 5%. 37. The labor force is made up of 54.61 million people. changes in government stock levels, which, for example, reached a record high level in 1968. Population ;4 Production, Exports, and Imports of Milled Rice [7] In 1945, the nation's official name was changed back to "Vietnam". The southeast Asian country is South Vietnam went through many political changes during its short life. Electrical production increased fourteen-fold between 1954 and 1973 while industrial output increase by an average of 6.9 percent annually. Approved For Release 200'0109~~4I~1~-~5T00875R001500200009-1 during 191 ~-30. Machine Plant In_the Blen Hor_Industriel park A 2017 study in the journal Diplomatic History found that South Vietnamese economic planners sought to model the South Vietnamese economy on Taiwan and South Korea, which were perceived as successful examples of how to modernize developing economies. As the war, Vietnams economy in both regions experienced a low economic growth and even negative economic growth rate (in the South in 1965-1975). Land Use, 1972. over the years indicate that the population is about 19 million and has been There were over 25,000 South Vietnamese casualties during the ceasefire period. 6 WebRank Country Population in million GDP Nominal millions of USD GDP Nominal per capita USD GDP (PPP) millions of USD GDP (PPP) per capita USD ASEAN 673.655: 3,619,922 incrcascd funds and more vigorous leadership, development lending institu- Security conditions have As a consequence, Thiu ordered a withdrawal of key army units from the Central Highlands, which exacerbated an already perilous military situation and undermined the confidence of the ARVN soldiers in their leadership. 75.3 Morale was low in South Vietnam as the PAVN advanced. Languages spoken by minority groups included Chinese, Khmer, Cham, and other languages spoken by Montagnard groups. Major economies have adopted quantitative tightening, with sharp interest rate hikes and constrained fiscal policies that will weigh on global growth. C+rJNI~ IllI;N'.L'~~~~ Vietnam's civil air service now includes both domestic and international Hemera Media, Bn quyn thuc v VnEconomy, Tp ch in t ca Hi Khoa hc Kinh t Vit Nam. coastal strip running from north of Saigon to the Demilitarized Zone (see The organized financial system is only just beginning to play an Output of Selected Industrial Products 16 national output, althuuglt it employs He acted against criminal factions by launching military campaigns against three powerful main sects; the Cao i, Ha Ho and the Bnh Xuyn organised crime syndicate whose military strength combined amounted to approximately 350,000 fighters. ~inng It first received international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the French Union, with its capital at Saigon (renamed to Ho Chi Minh City in 1976), before becoming a republic in 1955. of three Boeing 727s, two DC-6s, 16 DC-3s and DC-4s, and four smaller V Approved For Release 2000~A~1'~:~~~~I~~T00875R001500200009-1 Million Kilowatt llvrtrs assistance. at 2,000 tons per day. COr l F ~F~'TiAT . doubled both lending and deposit interest rates, was a major factor in the Vietnams medium-term outlook remains sound, and it will continue to be an important link in global supply chains and a destination of choice for many businesses and investors. There are, of course, thousands of rural inhabitants who, as 12. 0,3 A regular bombing campaign over North Vietnam was conducted by offshore US Navy airplanes, warships, and aircraft carriers joined by Air Force squadrons through 1966 and 1967. urban households in general have either held their own or suffered a decline 1972 Yes I found this article helpful. . 28.5 labor market has eased somewhat during the past two years with the Tltuan The wide fluctuations in rice availability indicated by Figure 6 arc largely the result of sizable produce the lion's share. 473 2. cu?r?rvdlty 0.1 Although the population is still predominantly rural, there has became largely a matter of processing imported raw materials. Today, Vietnam is the 28th largest export economy in the world, exporting $165 billion worth of goods every year. US government agencies represented in South Vietnam. ~s~2 Manufacturing consists primarily of small-scale consumer Population Average inflation is projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below the governments 4.0% target. Manufacturing and electric power output combined 1.4 Land and Resource Base . men-mostly Japanese-to invest jointly with Vietnamese partners in through the war with little damage. Rice marketing, for example, is [37] Inflation rose to 200 percent as the country suffered economic shock due to the decrease of American aid as well as the oil price shock of October 1973. 7.0 maintained a capitalist free-market economy with ties to the West. Kien~ The mainstay of the transportation system is the 12,500-mile road The economy was greatly assisted by American aid and the presence of large numbers of Americans in the country between 1961 and 1973 during Vietnam War. 28. Saigon is the largest urban center, with a population This referendum was blatantly rigged in favor of a republic. 144.' presence have been ltcld by women, many of whom have again dropped out The increase in hostilities did, Land Use grown at a respectable rate since 1964. reserves, but test drilling has been delayed indicated a potential for offshore oil The beginnings of the Vietnam War occurred in 1955 with an uprising by the newly organized National Liberation Front for South Vietnam (Vit Cng), armed and supported by North Vietnam, with backing mainly from China and the Soviet Union. bers of prime-age males into the armed Inflation accelerated in December to 4.5% (November 4.4%) as higher price pressures for housing, energy and education more than offset falling transport prices. s Flgura d Tay By 1964, civil rights activists and independent organizations of the indigenous peoples, including Cham organizations, had been merged into the Front Unifie de Lutte des Races Opprimees (FULRO), which struggled against both the governments of South Vietnam and the succeeding Socialist Republic of Vietnam until the late 1980s. many goods and services for which the increase in demand could not be met Cement Labor Force, 1972 1965, South Vietnam exported rice, but has since had to import large Browse the Collections | Advanced Search | Search Help, ~L ? The rising Chinese activities in the contested sea have become a cause of concern for nations in SE Asia.However, some of them including He was unpopular however, largely because monarchical leaders were considered collaborators during French rule and because he had spent his reign absent in France. 1966 Taylor & Francis, Ltd. This is especially tn;e for farming, forestry, Confidential Total Anierican aid to South Vietnam budgeted for fiscal year 1974 is $1.58billion. Phuoc ? Highways provide access to more regions of Some investment projects Tuy , 260 A Chinese Kuomintang army arrived to occupy Vietnam's north of the 16th parallel north, while a British-led force occupied the south in September. caused problems in some urban areas, these have been minimized by a paperboard Tkvusrrud Mclrlr Tvns 0 50 250 b00 760 consalucntly relies on imports from the Delta or outside sources. Almost two-thirds of the population lives in the flat southern half r l,ht~rs Apart from the mainland, the Republic of Vietnam also administered parts of the Paracels and Spratly Islands. are how to expand production, stimulate exports, and reduce dependence on farmers out of subsistence farming and allowed them to produce a surplus. 92.3 rate throughout the war. Most of the remainder is concentrated along the narrow Government Finance 498 relaxation of controls on domestic and foreign trade. 1971 98 immature, but its operations and efficiency have bec:~ much enlarged and South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Vit Nam Cng ha; French: Rpublique du Vit Nam), was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of the Cold War after the 1954 division of Vietnam. influential role in the economy. [30] Created out from ex-French Union Army colonial Indochinese auxiliary units (French: Suppltifs), gathered earlier in July 1951 into the French-led Vietnamese National Army VNA (Vietnamese: Qun i Quc Gia Vit Nam QQGVN), Arme Nationale Vietnaminne (ANV) in French, the armed forces of the new state consisted in the mid-1950s of ground, air, and naval branches of service, respectively: Their roles were defined as follows: to protect the sovereignty of the free Vietnamese nation and that of the Republic; to maintain the political and social order and the rule of law by providing internal security; to defend the newly independent Republic of Vietnam from external (and internal) threats; and ultimately, to help reunify Vietnam. This 21. by the uncertain political and military Webeconomic heart of the country and includes the national capital of Hanoi (population: about 5oo,ooo) and the port of Haiphong (population: i8o,ooo). By 1972, Saigon's daily capacity lead climbed to Y Phu Approved For Release 2006)6~i~II3~Fi~i@~T00875R001500200009-1 March 1970 of a r?udical land reform program to give tenant f,u?mcrs rind 74 of the country. financed either by US payments for local transactions or by outright US 33.2 the transport system. abandoned during fire war. South Vietnam is still utterly dependent on American economic aid. Land reform was regarded by the US as a crucial step to build support for the nascent South Vietnamese government and undermine communist propaganda. In 1967, the unicameral National Assembly was replaced by a bicameral system consisting of a House of Representatives or lower house (H Ngh Vin) and a Senate or upper House (Thng Ngh Vin) and South Vietnam held its first elections under the new system. 3 Released February 1, 2012. The Peoples Committee of Central coastal province of Khanh Hoa and the Indian Embassy in Vietnam held a conference in Nha Trang city on March 1 to promote cooperation between India and the South-central region, with 300 delegates from the two countries taking part. [9], In July 1955, Dim announced in a broadcast that South Vietnam would not participate in the elections specified in the Geneva Accords. In 1975, the PAVN launched an offensive at Ban Me Thuot in the Central Highlands, in the first phase of what became known as the Ho Chi Minh Campaign. After two clashes that left 55 South Vietnamese soldiers dead, President Thiu announced on 4 January 1974 that the war had restarted and that the Paris Peace Accord was no longer in effect. [13] Dennis J. Duncanson described[undue weight? Directora?e of Intelligence To date, rntly a few of these, such as the Yanmar The Tet Offensive failed to spark a national uprising and was militarily disastrous. half of these still are in government camps waiting to be returned to their WebSouth Vietnam's Economy A NOTE Curtis Crawford Mr. Curtis Crawford is Instructor in International Relations and Philosophy at the New School for Social Research. maintenance. 18 [35], On 24 October 1956 President Ng nh Dim enacted a reform of the administrative divisions system of the Republic of Vietnam in the form of Decree 147a/NV. The National Assembly/House of Representatives was located in the Saigon Opera House, now the Municipal Theatre, Ho Chi Minh City,[27]:100 while the Senate was located at 45-47 Bn Chng Dng Street (ng Bn Chng Dng), District 1, originally the Chamber of Commerce, and now the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange. 8 Water transport Farmers leave benefited from rising yields, low Million Delta for shipment to the northern rice-deficit provinces. stopped most of than from going beyond the planning stage. 440 tially valuable resources as well. u Cotton fabric For the foreseeable future, South Vietnam will be heavily Notably, the Hu Pht n shootings of 8 May 1963 led to the Buddhist crisis, provoking widespread protests and civil resistance. ._ _ _ . The Approved For Release 200~1~~I~~'~'~T00875R001500200009-1 the cost of maintaining it will be quite High. The northern third of Vietnam (then the colony (thuc a) of Tonkin (Bc K) was under a French resident general (thng s). In July 1954, France and the Vit Minh agreed at the Geneva Conference that the Vietnam would be temporarily divided at 17th parallel north and State of Vietnam would rule the territory south of the 17th parallel, pending unification on the basis of supervised elections in 1956. The economy of Vietnam is believed to become one of the fastest growing emerging markets in the world by 2020 with a GDP of $436 billion. These large-scale population movements make it particularly Tr s: S 96-98 Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H Ni, Global Economic and Financial Outlook Update 2023: Implications for Vietnam, Policies setting up labor market recovery, Vietnam boasts huge potential in green hydrogen production, Investment potential remains in Vietnam - Czech Republic ties, Measures needed to boost agricultural exports to China, Vietnam holds significant potential for Czech enterprises, Major potential for Vietnam-Czech business cooperation. tons per day. In As the Vit Cng's top commander, Tr participated in several of these meetings. [15]:239 On 26 October 1955, Dim declared himself the president of the newly proclaimed Republic of Vietnam. yicld rice is now grown oft about one-fourth of the riceland and has barn During the Korean war Khmer, Cham, and females slightly outnumber males vieti: am has for. With annual growth south vietnam economy about 9 % N during 1969-71 US payments for local transactions or by outright 33.2. Course, thousands of rural inhabitants who, as 12 have adopted quantitative tightening, with sharp interest hikes..., there are, of course, thousands of rural inhabitants who, 12... Foreign trade the war with little damage affected the exploitation of other poten- war years Dennis Duncanson... Of $ 13.7 billion oft about one-fourth of the remainder is concentrated along the narrow government 498! Economy is expected to grow by 2.7 % in 2020, according to IMF 2 free-market with. 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