Separations of unmarried couples with children have been soaring in the last few years. The contributory unemployment benefit thus appeared to be used to a much wider extent that the unpaid parental leave, which only 2% of the sample benefitted from. ), La gestion positiva de la ruptura de pareja con hijos, Tirant lo Blanch, Valencia. In contrast, the fertility rate was still among the highest in Europe in 1975, at 2.8 children per women. [21] Ajenjo-Cosp,M. and N.Garca-Saladrigas (2016), Las parejas reconstituidas en Espaa: un fenmeno emergente con perfiles heterogneos / Stepfamily Couples in Spain: An Emerging Phenomenon with Heterogeneous Profiles, Revista Espaola de Investigaciones Sociolgicas, Vol. The impact of the 2005 change in law was greater than expected because from 2010 on, a few North-eastern regions with civil legislation powers such as Aragon, Catalonia, Valencia, Navarra and the Basque Country passed laws that established a legal presumptions of joint physical custody (Flaquer, 2015[15]; Solsona and Ajenjo, 2017[16]; Solsona etal., 2020[17]). Young men, who may have not completed school, in turn might find it difficult to move but also to find a partner in their local area. Since divorce became legal and co-habitation more socially acceptable, the number of children born to unmarried parents has increased considerably. The country had been hit hard by the global financial crisis and the recovery process had been slow. While conservative and religious individuals initially rejected the introduction of the so called egalitarian marriage in 2005, it is widely accepted today. the combination of benefits, In 2019, about two-thirds (67%) of mothers were employed in Spain. The percentage of rural households having difficulties in accessing different types of private and public services (such as broadband internet and specialised medical care) is between 10-20percentage points higher than for metropolitan households (Camarero and Oliva, 2019[64]). Divorces and separations can lead to reconstituted or blended families when parents find a new partner, but comparable data on this phenomenon is limited. The employment situation of fathers, in contrast, did not change much. (Spain), Number of family units and unrelated adults living together in the same residence in Spain between 2013 and 2020 (in 1,000s . Nevertheless, in particular young people and tenants often have difficulties finding affordable and stable housing; and total housing costs are elevated for low-income households. This prevalence was below the EU-25 average of 8% and the share in France (13%). The decision to have children is considered a private matter. For comparison, 5% or less of individuals living in working households with children are income-poor in countries like Germany, Ireland and the Nordics. [53] INE (2019), Encuesta Anual de Estructura Salarial, Instituto Nacional de Estadstica, https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Tabla.htm?t=28182&L=0 (accessed on 28April2021). (2019), The Unsustainable Rise of Residential Insecurity in Spain. As a comparison point, the OECD defines a rural community as having a population density below150 inhabitants perkm (OECD, 2016[61]). changes but few major reforms. Family structure is another factor that influences the risk of poverty, with households with children in general and large and single-parent family being at particular risk. As a recent survey by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2020[26]) shows, 21% and 38% of LGTBI citizens living in Spain have ever felt discriminated against in employment matters and other areas of life, respectively; and only one in two among them revealed their sexual orientation to most or all of their family members. . However, comparative research evidence (OBrien and Wall, 2017[40]; Meil, Rogero-Garca and Romero-Balsas, 2017[41]) indicates that substantial effects only occur when fathers are the only parent who is on leave for at least one uninterrupted month. A higher share of people in Spain maintain more-than-weekly contact with their parents or children: 78% and 87%, compared to the cross-country averages of 61% and 67%. In 2018, 1.3% of women and 0.5% of men who were working full-time earned less than the minimum interprofessional salary; while 43.1% of women and 35.6% of men earned less in between one to two times the minimum salary (INE, 2019[53]). The cross-country OECD average was equal to 25.6%; but in some countries such as Chile and Mexico, the share was close to or even exceeded 60%. alongside these societal changes, family policy i.e. One in three members of large families live in relative poverty in Spain, compared to only one in eight members of families with one or two children. Recommended Video: Family Therapy The rate among Spanish nationals (1.17) is even lower than among foreign women living in Spain (1.59). A few points to note about this data: Renewable energy here is the sum of hydropower, wind, solar, geothermal, modern biomass and wave and tidal energy. Roughly tenyears later, foreign-born individuals grew to represent around 14% of the population and 17% of the labour force, with important regional differences (Flaquer and Escobedo, 2009[27]). Among these childless women in their forties, more than half would still like or would have liked to have at least one child. Fourth, Americans are much more likely than other Western citizens to remarry once . In 2014, Spain's top-ranked electricity producer was nuclear energy with 22 percent of the energy supply, followed by 20.3 percent of wind power and 16.4 percent by coal power. For the UnitedStates, data cover children living with at least one parent and refer to the labour force status of the childs parent(s)only, and refer to whether or not the childs parents are active in the labour force, as opposed to in employment. Rural schools present more complexity in their organisation due the lack of resources and children, but they may also be spaces for implementing innovative learning practices, such as rural learning communities involving parental participation. Pacto de pareja? [7] Bernardi,F. (2005), Public policies and low fertility: rationales for public intervention and a diagnosis for the Spanish case. [14] INE (2020), Estadstica de Nulidades, Separaciones y Divorcios: Notas de prensa, Instituto Nacional de Estadstica, Madrid, https://www.ine.es/prensa/ensd_2019.pdf. [51] Eurostat (2021), At-risk-of-poverty rate by poverty threshold and household type - EU-SILC and ECHP surveys, https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_li03&lang=en (accessed on 18February2021). Nonetheless, extended family solidarity and intergenerational support are evolving towards a more elective direction, with higher expectations placed in public care services and benefits. The age of the youngest child and the mothers education level have less of an impact on maternal employment rates in Spain than in most EUcountries, but the number of children has a larger impact. Four of Spain's seven nuclear reactors are scheduled to close by the end of 2030, representing around 4 gigawatts of capacity. https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=estadistica_C&cid=1254736176798&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735573206. [41] Meil,G., J.Rogero-Garca and P.Romero-Balsas (2017), Why parents take unpaid Parental leave. This accentuated situations of poverty and contributed to a social perception of high insecurity. Extracts from publications may be subject to additional disclaimers, which are set out in the complete version of the publication, available at the link provided. Other refers to a situation where the child lives in a household where no adult is considered a parent. Nuclear families. The most common households in 2019 were once again those made up of two persons (30.4% of the total). 5/1, p.95, https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0306-x. The difference is smaller when the sample excludes employees under the age of 30, but still exists.5. The housing policy deficits spilled over into family and social policy (Bosch and Trilla, 2019[57]; Mdenes, 2019[58]). ), Enquesta a la joventut de Catalunya 2017, http://treballiaferssocials.gencat.cat/web/.content/JOVENTUT_documents/arxiu/publicacions/col_estudis/Estudis36_EJC2017_V1_6-emancipacio-familia.pdf (accessed on 12May2021). During Franco's years, Spanish law discriminated strongly against married women. The acceptance of the egalitarian marriage does not imply at all that there is no discrimination against LGTBI individuals. Data on families and households are collected through the Demographic Yearbook data . The divergence towards nuclear families has been reasoned to be the result of industrialization 1. Number of heterosexual marriages in Spain 2006-2021. A significant increase in the minimum wage in 2019 brought the Spanish minimum to median wage ratio more in line with other OECDcountries (Figure1.12). Finally, a mothers education level is an important influencing factor in whether she is employed or not. Looking at households whose incomes fall into the lowest quintile, the share who pay more than 40% of disposable income on total housing costs (that is for example including taxes and utilities) is elevated for both tenants who rent from private owners and for owners who are still paying a mortgage (Figure1.14). In addition to people who remain unwillingly childless, parents may also have fewer children than they would like to. Only Australia and the UnitedStates have a very slightly higher share of women among immigrants; while in some countries, such as Slovenia, Latvia and Lithuania, the share of men exceeds 70% (OECD, 2020[31]). A higher share of immigrant-headed households are families than among native-born households. Source: OECD Earnings Distribution Database, www.oecd.org/employment/emp/employmentdatabase-earningsandwages.htm. The weak labour market in Spain greatly affects families and children. Poverty estimates assume that all income of a household member are shared within that household, rather than flowing to another household (Miho and Thvenon, 2020[52]). 28/2, https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2018.61. Spanish society values families and family life highly, but the way that families look and live is changing. Households that receive regular child support payments count these among their income. The pattern that the majority of working single parents do so full time is common across European countries, with the exception of the UnitedKingdom. (2014), Fatherhood in the Nordic welfare states, Bristol University Press, Bristol, https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1t894gw. income after taxes and transfers adjusted for household size. Actual fertility in Spain is below the desired level. [54] Moreno,A. [63] Camarero,L., R.Sampedro and L.Reales (2020), La inmigracin dinamiza la Espaa rural, Observatorio Social de La Caixa, https://observatoriosociallacaixa.org/es/-/la-inmigracin-dinamiza-la-espana-rural (accessed on 17April2021). . Except in Denmark or Sweden, having three or more as opposed to one or two children is associated with a drastically lower maternal employment rate in all selected EUcountries. [40] OBrien,M. and K.Wall (2017), Comparative Perspectives on Work-Life Balance and Gender Equality. Nonetheless, one-third of Spanish respondents considers marriage an outdated institution, a proportion that is among the highest in the surveyed European countries and significantly higher than the average of 20% (EVS/WVS, 2021[22]). For women, in contrast, there is no such uniform pattern: in Latvia and the Netherlands, mothers have a lower unemployment rate than the group of childless women and women who have older children or are not living with them. In Spain, the mean age of women at their first birth is 30.9years, which is only a slightly younger age than in Italy (31.1)and Korea (31.6) (OECD, n.d.[6]). 1-4, https://doi.org/10.46710/ced.pd.eng.8. (larger percentage of people in younger age groups, indicating high birth rates and high fertility rates) and narrow top (high death rate and . The poverty threshold is set at 50% of median disposable income in each country. Standards and methods. The decline in employment quality (shorter working hours, lower real minimum wage) and lower public transfers also contributed significantly to lower income of full-time working fathers. Share of childless women and share of women who would like to have at least one child, by age group, 2018, Distribution (%) of children (aged 0-17) by presence of parents in the household, 2018 or latest available year, Share of joint physical custody in judicial rulings on divorces with children, 2019, Distribution of young people (15- to 29-year-olds), 2017 or latest available year, by household type, Material deprivation rates for children aged6 to 15 across different dimensions, 2014, Relative income poverty rates (%), individuals in working-age households with at least one child, by household employment status, 2018 or latest available year, At risk of poverty rate by different types of households, Spain and EU average, 2019, Unemployment rate (% of 30-64year-olds in the labour force), 2019, by parental status, Employment rates (%) for women (15-64year-olds) with at least one child aged 0-14, by part-time/full-time status, 2019, Minimum wages relative to median wages of full-time workers, 2019, Share (%) of full-time workers earning low pay, 2006 and 2016, Share of households in the bottom quintile of the income distribution paying more than 40% of disposable income on total housing costs, by tenure, in percentage, 2018 or latest available year, Households in areas where fixed broadband with a contracted speed of 30 Mbps or more is available, as a percentage of households in the total and rural categories, 2017, Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, (Ajenjo-Cosp and Garca-Saladrigas, 2016[21]), (Escobedo, Navarro and Flaquer, 2007[32]), Meil, Rogero-Garca and Romero-Balsas, 2017[41]), (Consejo de la Juventud de Espaa and Lpez Oller, 2020[43]), (Secretara general para el reto demogrfico, 2019[60]), (Comisionado del Gobierno frente al Reto Demogrfico, 2017[62]), (Camarero, Sampedro and Reales, 2020[63]), [1] Meil,G. (2011), Individualizacin y solidaridad familiar.. In Spain as well as on average across 22 European OECDcountries, among full-time employees, fewer parents earn a low pay. More than 70% of women would like to have at least two children, but fewer than 30% actually do (Sosa Troya and Mahtani, 2019[10]). [52] Miho,A. and O.Thvenon (2020), Treating all children equally? has led to a decline in the traditional nuclear family model. Trends in living arrangements including families (with and without dependent children), people living alone and people in shared accommodation, broken down by size and type of household. [34] Meil,G. (2011), El uso de los permisos parentales por los hombres y su implicacin en el cuidado de los nios en Europa. The United Nations Statistics Division is responsible at an international level for collecting data on families and households from population and housing censuses and vital statistics systems. No information for Japan, Korea and NewZealand due to data limitations. [10] Sosa Troya,M. and N.Mahtani (2019), Why women in Spain are waiting longer to have a baby. Three quarters of the population now see it as the best solution when a couple cannot work out their marriage problems (ISSP, 2012[23]). share of mothers who are employed increased by more than 50% over the past two decades, The 2019 population density in Spain is 94 people per Km 2 (243 people per mi 2), calculated on a total land area of 498,800 Km2 (192,588 sq. One major reason why more young people continue to live with their parents is the increase in life expectancy - a 30-year-old man is more likely to live with at least one surviving parent in 2020 . Just 18% of US households are 'nuclear families' with a married couple and children, down from 40% since 1970s and the lowest since 1959. A consensual conception of partnership, away from the institutional understanding of marriage, has emerged during the last decades and become dominant in the population as a whole. How to Promote Social Mobility, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264301085-en. Because nuclear families among African Americans slaves were difficult to achieve, slaves adapted by developing extended families, adopting orphans, and taking in other people not related by blood or marriage. This can include people over the age of 65 living with a younger partner, but could also include the older person living with one of their children or another family member. Working-age adults are defined as 18-64year-olds. Largest Cities in Spain # CITY NAME POPULATION; 1: . Spanish tax policy for a long time favoured home ownership. Attitudes towards same-sex couples have profoundly changed. As of 2015, 62% of children lived with two married parents while 26% live with one parent. No distinction available between private or subsidised renters in NewZealand. This share is smaller than in Nordic countries (around 75%), but substantially larger than the EU average (37%). However, children continue to face the highest poverty risk in Spain. read full report here. As a result . Please select the WEB or READ option instead (if available). (2020), Analysis of social needs of youth, Observatorio Social de la Caixa, https://observatoriosociallacaixa.org/en/informe-necesidades-sociales-juventud. . [20] Castro-Martn,T. and M.Seiz (2014), La transformacin de las familias en Espaa desde una perspectiva socio-demogrfica, Fundacin FOESSA, Madrid. Source: OECD (2021[46]), HC1.2 Housing costs over income, Affordable Housing Database, https://www.oecd.org/els/family/HC1-2-Housing-costs-over-income.xlsx. The profile of the typical family is changing across the OECD, but even more drastically so in Spain. The total production of nuclear heat in the EU in 2021 was 186 663 thousand tonnes of oil equivalent (toe), a drop of 10.4 % compared to 2012 and an increase of 6.6 % compared to 2020. 32, Fundacin la Caixa, Barcelona. Care in family networks is assured through a combination of formal and informal care services that is more equally shared between generations and men and women than was the case in prior decades. In about a fifth of these cases, the parent was working part-time. According to the last wave of the European Values Survey (EVS/WVS, 2021[22]), at 88% and 86%, the percentage of Spaniards who considered their family as very important in their life and as trusting them completely are equal to the cross-country averages. [34] Meil,G. (2011), El uso de los permisos parentales por los hombres y su implicacin en el cuidado de los nios en Europa, Revista Latina de Sociologa, Vol. The Spanish case within the European context, Observatorio Social de la Caixa, https://observatoriosociallacaixa.org/en/-/sistema-de-vivienda-y-estado-del-bienestar-el-caso-espanol-en-el-marco-europeo (accessed on 13May2021). Report December 17, 2015. is argued that the joint family is now slowly giving way to nuclear families, but many functional relationships with the non-residential family members are maintained in a nuclear family set-up (Agarwala, 1962; Desai, 1964; Gore, 1968; Kapadia, 1969). [37] INE (n.d.), Encuesta de Empleo de Tiempo, 2010, https://www.ine.es/prensa/eet_prensa.htm (accessed on 17February2021). A great deal of attention has been given to the alleged breakdown of the traditional family, but Census data shows that in most areas of the United States, the majority of children under eighteen live in households headed by a married couple (though these households do not necessarily include both of the child's parents). [13] Gonzlez,J. and M.Requena (2008), Tres dcadas de cambio social en Espaa, Alianza Editorial, https://doi.org/10.2307/40184745. In towns with less than 1000 inhabitants, 30% of the population are over the age of 65 and 15% of the age of 80 (Secretara general para el reto demogrfico, 2019[60]). In 2019, with 91645 registered divorces, Spains crude divorce rate was 1.9 per 1000 inhabitants (INE, 2020[14]). However, there are a number of other OECDcountries where an even bigger share of youth continue to live at home, including Italy, Greece and the SlovakRepublic. Yau put together this in-depth chart . Parenthood without being married is widely accepted (by 73% of people) (ISSP, 2012[23]), as is motherhood without being in a partnership (86% approve when a woman without a partner decides to have a child) (CIS, 2016[24]). For EUcountries, fixed broadband coverage is defined as NGA technologies (VDSL, FTTP, DOCSIS 3.0)capable of delivering at least 30Mbps download speed. The number of nuclear families increased in absolute . [27] Flaquer,L. and A.Escobedo (2009), The Metamorphosis of Informal Work in Spain: Family Solidarity, Female Immigration and Development of Social Rights, in Pfau-Effinger,B., L.Flaquer and P.Jensen (eds. Their fragility can be not only explained by the weakness of partners commitment resulting from a lack of legal bond, but also by the stress of economic difficulties (Castro-Martn and Seiz, 2014[20]). Across many dimensions, individuals living in Spain benefit from well-being outcomes that are similar to or better than the OECD average. . Its first commercial nuclear power reactor began operating in 1989. The ratio of inhabitants over the age of 65 to the inhabitants under the age of 15 is equal to nine in municipalities with less than 100 inhabitants, compared to around 1.3 in cities with more than 100000 inhabitants. 155, https://doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.155.3. Note: The statistics are based on the 2018 Fertility Survey. Children are . This can be an important energy source in lower-income settings. The use of this work, whether digital or print, is governed by the Terms and Conditions to be found at https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions. [62] Comisionado del Gobierno frente al Reto Demogrfico (2017). (2018), Child poverty in the OECD:Trends, determinants and policies to tackle it, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No. February 21, 2020. 61-97. Access to this content in this format requires a current subscription or a prior purchase. While the low share of youth leaving their parental home is in part due to structural difficulties (Escobedo etal., 2018[44]; Moreno, 2012[45]), it also contributes to a strong sense of family co-operation and solidarity. No data on mortgage repayments available for Denmark. Notes: Data are based on equivalised household disposable income, i.e. In 2016, 14.6% of workers earned less than two-third of median earnings, compared with 15.7% in the EU and OECD on average. Source: OECD (2021[46]), HM1.4 Living arrangements by age groups, OECD Affordable Housing Database, http://www.oecd.org/els/family/HM1.4-Living-arrangements-age-groups.xlsx. This essentially described a family of a father, mother and children. This phenomenon can occur in particular in regions where high income earners from urban areas buy secondary residences. [45] Moreno,A. [36] Flaquer,L. etal. Click on a state to view related charts and data. One reason is that they often face more difficulties in entering rural labour markets than men do. well-being, reduce child poverty and make family life easier for all. A recent OECD paper analyses the drivers of child poverty in detail for Spain and several other OECDcountries (Thvenon etal., 2018[49]). That being said, the persistence of low-income status across generations may be lower in Spain than in a number of other OECDcountries. The average reported life satisfaction on a ten-point scale is almost identical to the OECD average (7.3 versus 7.4). As of 2020, there were 128.45 million households in the US. 2.8.2. In fact, more than eight in ten including many older and religious people agree with the statement that it is alright for a couple to live together without intending to marry (ISSP, 2012[23]). The impact was considerably stronger for poor families than for middle-income families. Often, they complement formal childcare and education, either on a weekly basis or to make ends meet during the long Spanish school holidays. This share is the second highest among OECDcountries and the highest among EU OECD. [64] Camarero,L. and J.Oliva (2019), Thinking in rural gap: mobility and social inequalities, Evolving Family Models in Spain: A New National Framework for Improved Support and Protection for Families, 1. In 2018, eight out of ten individuals living in jobless households with children (79.6%) were income-poor in Spain. [8] Esteve,A. and R.Trevio (2019), The main whys and wherefores of childlessness in Spain, Perspectives Demografiques 15, https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/worpap/2019/204270/perdem_a2019m04n015iENG.pdf. though it remains below the OECD average. Source: OECD (n.d.[6]), LMF1.2Maternal employment OECD Family Database, http://www.oecd.org/els/soc/LMF_1_2_Maternal_Employment.xlsx. The nuclear family household. In spite of individualisation trends, family solidarity remains high and characteristic of the Spanish family system (Meil, 2011[34]). While there were 1,218,370 families in the State on Census Night, 862,721 of these were families with children, an increase of 28,455 since 2011. While family law has evolved quite strongly Whereas the poverty rates of individuals in households without dependent children are quite similar in Spain and the EU (around 10% in 2019), there is a noticeable gap of nearly 7percentage points between Spains and EUs poverty rates for those in households with dependent children, reaching 17.1% and 10.5% respectively (Figure1.9). In the 70.7% of children live with both parents. Although little information is available about the legal features of separations filed by unmarried parents, a crucial finding is that 59% of separations are contested compared to only 23% of divorce cases.2. Seniors who are living with their adult children do not necessarily need care; and in fact the highest share of informal carers to parents in European countries (as revealed by the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe) is among near-seniors themselves (OECD, 2019[47]). Nuclear families may have one or more children who are biological or adopted, but the main idea is that the parents . From the 1920s to the mid-1950s, the average number of household members remained about 5. In a 2016 survey, 76% of respondents supported that two persons of the same sex could marry (CIS, 2016[24]); and by 2019, 86% of Spaniards (compared to the EU average of 69%) thought that same sex marriages should be allowed throughout Europe (European Commission, 2019[25]). 18 According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the median age of first marriage in 2019 to be 29.8 for men and 28 for . In order to show family structure in a more realistic way, Statistics Iceland has launched a . After the 2007 crisis, the family played a crucial role in smoothing out its impacts; and during the ongoing COVID-19 crisis, Spanish society once again takes refuge in family relationships (Escobedo etal., 2021[42]). Relative income poverty for the total population in Spain (14.2% in 2018) comes closer to the OECD average of 11.7% than is the case for children, though Spain remains in the upper third ranking of OECDcountries. One reason for the declining share of married families is the increasing number of divorces over the last several decades, though there has recently been a decline. In Spain as well as elsewhere, unmarried couples are more likely to separate than married ones. Better than the OECD average ( 7.3 versus 7.4 ) to have is... M.Requena ( 2008 ), Comparative Perspectives on Work-Life Balance and Gender Equality cuidado de los nios en.! At all that there is no discrimination against LGTBI individuals ( 2005 ), the average reported life on. 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Affects families and family life easier for all the WEB or READ option (. Fewer children than they would like to Parental leave be an important energy source in lower-income settings individuals... Of 2015, 62 % of median disposable income, Affordable Housing Database, http: //treballiaferssocials.gencat.cat/web/.content/JOVENTUT_documents/arxiu/publicacions/col_estudis/Estudis36_EJC2017_V1_6-emancipacio-familia.pdf ( accessed 12May2021! Against married women 41 ] Meil, G., J.Rogero-Garca and P.Romero-Balsas ( ). Was below the desired level, reduce child poverty and contributed to a situation where the child lives in household! A situation where the child lives in a more realistic way, statistics Iceland launched. Level is an important energy source in lower-income settings two married parents while 26 % live with parent... Espaa desde una perspectiva socio-demogrfica, Fundacin FOESSA, Madrid decline in the last few years and R.Trevio 2019! 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This content in this format requires a current subscription or a prior purchase for a long time favoured home.!, la transformacin de las familias en Espaa desde una perspectiva socio-demogrfica, Fundacin FOESSA, Madrid, https //www.oecd.org/els/family/HC1-2-Housing-costs-over-income.xlsx... Private matter better than the OECD average ( 7.3 versus 7.4 ) //www.oecd.org/els/soc/LMF_1_2_Maternal_Employment.xlsx! The fertility rate was still among the highest poverty risk in Spain are waiting longer have! Format requires a current subscription or a prior purchase mothers were employed in Spain from! Decline in the traditional nuclear family model N.Mahtani ( 2019 ), Why parents take unpaid Parental.! The parents Fatherhood in the 70.7 % of the total ) outcomes that similar! Income-Poor in Spain greatly affects families and children more drastically so in Spain as well as,., El uso de los permisos parentales por los hombres y su implicacin en El cuidado de los nios Europa. 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That families look and live is changing content in this format requires a subscription. Households in 2019 were once again those made up of two persons ( 30.4 % of disposable... Desde una perspectiva socio-demogrfica, Fundacin FOESSA, Madrid INE ( n.d. 6., Madrid to have a baby within the European context, Observatorio social de la Caixa, https: (.